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arXiv:1807.01803 · Optics Express

Azimuthal modulation of electromagnetically induced transparency using structured light

Hamid Reza Hamedi, Viačeslav Kudriašov, Julius Ruseckas, Gediminas Juzeliūnas

Published Oct 15, 2018• 97 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Recently a scheme has been proposed for detection of the structured light by measuring the transmission of a vortex beam through a cloud of cold rubidium atoms with energy levels of the Λ-type configuration [N. Radwell et al., Phys. Rev. Lett.114, 123603 (2015) ]. This enables observation of regions of spatially dependent electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). Here we suggest another scenario for detection of the structured light by measuring the absorption profile of a weak nonvortex probe beam in a highly resonant five-level combined tripod and Λ (CTL) atom-light coupling setup. We demonstrate that due to the closed-loop structure of CTL scheme, the absorption of the probe beam depends on the azimuthal angle and orbital angular momentum (OAM) of the control vortex beams. This feature is missing in simple Λ or tripod schemes, as there is no loop in such atom-light couplings. One can identify different regions of spatially structured transparency through measuring the absorption of probe field under different configurations of structured control light.

DOI
10.1364/oe.26.028249

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Recently a scheme has been proposed for detection of the structured light by measuring the transmission of a vortex beam through a cloud of cold rubidium atoms with energy levels of the Λ-type configuration [N. Radwell et al., Phys. Rev. Lett.114, 123603 (2015) ]. This enables observation of regions of spatially dependent electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). Here we suggest another scenario for detection of the structured light by measuring the absorption profile of a weak nonvortex probe beam in a highly resonant five-level combined tripod and Λ (CTL) atom-light coupling setup. We demonstrate that due to the closed-loop structure of CTL scheme, the absorption of the probe beam depends on the azimuthal angle and orbital angular momentum (OAM) of the control vortex beams. This feature is missing in simple Λ or tripod schemes, as there is no loop in such atom-light couplings. One can identify different regions of spatially structured transparency through measuring the absorption of probe field under different configurations of structured control light.
Abstract We present an azimuthal phase-dependent scheme to study the spatially dependent electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and the generation of spatial light in a closed-loop four-level Y-type system. A structured control beam and a microwave (MW) field are adopted in the closed-loop structure. Interestingly, the weak non-vortex probe beam responses explicitly depend on the orbital angular momentum (OAM) of the control beam along with the MW-assisted quantum interference. The regions of spatially dependent EIT are demonstrated at different azimuthal angles. It is found that the intensity of the structured control beam and the relative phase arising out of the beams participating in the closed-loop can be used as the controlling knobs to tailor the shape and the angular location of the spatially dependent EIT.
Recent years have seen vast progress in the generation and detection of structured light, with potential applications in high capacity optical data storage and continuous variable quantum technologies. Here we measure the transmission of structured light through cold rubidium atoms and observe regions of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT), using the phase profile as control parameter for the atomic opacity. With q plates we generate a probe beam with azimuthally varying phase and polarization structure, and its right and left circular polarization components provide the probe and control of an EIT transition. We observe an azimuthal modulation of the absorption profile that is dictated by the phase and polarization structure of the probe laser. Conventional EIT systems do not exhibit phase sensitivity. We show, however, that a weak transverse magnetic field closes the EIT transitions, thereby generating phase-dependent dark states which in turn lead to phase-dependent transparency, in agreement with our measurements.
Abstract We analyze azimuthal modulation of probe field absorption profile in a closed four-level inverted Y-type atomic system. We employ a Laguerre–Gaussian beam and a microwave field to realize spatially varying atomic susceptibility, which is responsible for the generation of structured light. An extra nonvortex control beam is used to ensure electromagnetically induced transparency at the core of Laguerre–Gaussian beam. Our proposed model exhibits both absorption and gain at different azimuthal angles, and orbital angular momentum of light can be identified via absorption profile of the probe field. We further discuss the transfer of optical vortices from Laguerre–Gaussian beam to the transmitted probe field.
Behavior of structure light is investigated by monitoring probe absorption using a microwave-driven Y-type atomic media configuration. The system under consideration is driven by one of the control vortex beams as well as an extra non-vortex control beam to ensure electromagnetically induced transparency. The significant aspect in the generation of structured light is the azimuthal phase-dependent modification for probe absorption. Further intensity distribution for absorption spectra is examined for simultaneously evaluating both the control vortex beams. We also go through the radial distribution of intensity for various orbital angular momentum values. Different modes of structural beams may be distinguished using the suggested approach. Our research gives us a way for rapidly transferring vortex wavefronts from control field to probe absorption profile. This could be useful in quantum information processing.
We investigate theoretically a scheme for all-optical generation of structured light beams with and without a microwave field in an electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) medium composed of rubidium atoms. In a conventional EIT system, two optical fields (namely, a strong control field and a weak probe field) drive two electric-dipole-allowed transitions of an atom to form a three-level system in a $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}$ configuration. At EIT resonance, we found that a Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) control beam induces a radial modulation of probe's absorption profile in such way that a Gaussian probe beam is reshaped into a hollow-Gaussian beam following the position-selective absorption. The transmitted probe beam has a doughnut-shaped intensity structure similar to that LG beam whereas the phase profile is still a spherical wave. Moreover, the presence of a microwave field between two ground states of three-level system leads to a closed-loop system, and probe response is modified with an additional term proportional to the amplitudes of Rabi frequencies of control and microwave fields, and relative phase of three fields. This term acts as driving field which is responsible for the generation of a vortex probe beam having a helical phase profile. We have further shown that the amplitude and helical phase of generated vortex beam can be manipulated by changing the relative phase of applied fields and temperature of the vapor cell. The present study may provide a useful tool for creation of structured light beams with and without orbital angular momentum.
Recently, the generation and detection of structured light field have drawn a great deal of attention, due to their importance in high-capacity optical data storage and quantum technology. In this letter, we explore the azimuthal modulation of optical transparency in a four-level double-V type quantum system near a plasmonic nanostructure. A Laguerre-Gaussian beam and the interaction of the system with free-space vacuum modes have been employed to create the phase-dependent absorption of a non-vortex probe field. First, we demonstrate how to identify the azimuthal index associated with the conventional LG beam via measuring the probe absorption so that the phase information of such a beam gets encoded on the spatially-dependent absorption profile with angularly-distributed lobes. Also, a spatially-varying optical transparency can be formed, due to the periodic variation of the absorption spectrum. Then, asymmetrical Laguerre-Gaussian beams are used to extend the selective spatial transparency mechanism to asymmetric spatially-structured windows, allowing for optical manipulation of spatial modes at arbitrary positions. Moreover, we investigate the influence of the asymmetric parameter on the features of the spatial inhomogeneities and show how the beams enable us to imprint the phase information of the orbital angular momentum at a desired position.