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arXiv:1806.11347

Stronger classes of sum uncertainty and reverse uncertainy relations

Chiranjib Mukhopadhyay, Arun Kumar Pati

Published Jun 29, 2018• 1 citation
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Abstract

Uncertainty relations are old, yet potentially rewarding to explore. By introducing a quantity called the uncertainty matrix, we provide a link between purity and observable incompatibility, and derive several stronger uncertainty relations in both forward and reverse directions for arbitrary quantum states, i.e., mixed as well as pure, and arbitrary incompatible quantum observables, none of which suffer from the problem of triviality. Besides the tightness, the interpretations of terms in these uncertainty relations may be of independent inter- est. We provide the possible generalization of stronger uncertainty relations to sum of variances of more than two observables. We also demonstrate applications of techniques used here to, firstly, obtain a simple reverse quantum speed limit for quantum states undergoing Markovian dynamical evolution, and secondly, to provide a lower bound for fidelity between two quantum states.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.1806.11347

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Uncertainty relations are old, yet potentially rewarding to explore. By introducing a quantity called the uncertainty matrix, we provide a link between purity and observable incompatibility, and derive several stronger uncertainty relations in both forward and reverse directions for arbitrary quantum states, i.e., mixed as well as pure, and arbitrary incompatible quantum observables, none of which suffer from the problem of triviality. Besides the tightness, the interpretations of terms in these uncertainty relations may be of independent inter- est. We provide the possible generalization of stronger uncertainty relations to sum of variances of more than two observables. We also demonstrate applications of techniques used here to, firstly, obtain a simple reverse quantum speed limit for quantum states undergoing Markovian dynamical evolution, and secondly, to provide a lower bound for fidelity between two quantum states.
The Heisenberg-Robertson uncertainty relation expresses a limitation in the possible preparations of the system by giving a lower bound to the product of the variances of two observables in terms of their commutator. Notably, it does not capture the concept of incompatible observables because it can be trivial; i.e., the lower bound can be null even for two noncompatible observables. Here we give two stronger uncertainty relations, relating to the sum of variances, whose lower bound is guaranteed to be nontrivial whenever the two observables are incompatible on the state of the system.
Uncertainty relation lies at the heart of quantum mechanics, characterizing the incompatibility of non-commuting observables in the preparation of quantum states. An important question is how to improve the lower bound of uncertainty relation. Here we present a variance-based sum uncertainty relation for N incompatible observables stronger than the simple generalization of an existing uncertainty relation for two observables. Further comparisons of our uncertainty relation with other related ones for spin- and spin-1 particles indicate that the obtained uncertainty relation gives a better lower bound.
We prove a few state-dependent uncertainty relations for the product as well as the sum of variances of two incompatible observables. These uncertainty relations are shown to be tighter than the Robertson-Schr\"odinger uncertainty relation and other ones existing in the current literature. Also, we derive a state-dependent upper bound to the sum and the product of variances using the reverse Cauchy-Schwarz inequality and the Dunkl-Williams inequality. Our results suggest that not only can we not prepare quantum states for which two incompatible observables can have sharp values, but also we have both the lower and the upper limits on the variances of quantum mechanical observables at a fundamental level.
We formulate uncertainty relations for arbitrary N observables. Two uncertainty inequalities are presented in terms of the sum of variances and standard deviations, respectively. The lower bounds of the corresponding sum uncertainty relations are explicitly derived. These bounds are shown to be tighter than the ones such as derived from the uncertainty inequality for two observables [Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 260401 (2014)]. Detailed examples are presented to compare among our results with some existing ones.
Heisenberg-Robertson's uncertainty relation expresses a limitation in the possible preparations of the system by giving a lower bound to the product of the variances of two observables in terms of their commutator. Notably, it does not capture the concept of incompatible observables because it can be trivial, i.e., the lower bound can be null even for two non-compatible observables. Here we give two stronger uncertainty relations, relating to the sum of variances, whose lower bound is guaranteed to be nontrivial whenever the two observables are incompatible on the state of the system.
Abstract Recently, D Mondal et al (2017)[Phys. Rev. A. 95, 052117] creatively introduce a new interesting concept of reverse uncertainty relation which indicates that one cannot only prepare quantum states with joint small uncertainty, but also with joint great uncertainty for incompatible observables. However, the uncertainty upper bound they constructed cannot express the essence of this concept well, i.e., the upper bound will go to infinity in some cases even for incompatible observables. Here, we construct a new reverse uncertainty relation and successfully fix this ‘infinity’ problem. Also, it is found that the reverse uncertainty relation and the normal uncertainty relation are the same in essential, and they both can be unified by the same theoretical framework. Moreover, taking advantage of this unified framework, one can construct a reverse uncertainty relation for multiple observables with any tightness Required. Meanwhile, the application of the new uncertainty relation in purity detection is discussed.