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arXiv:1805.03427 · Journal of Physics A Mathematical and Theoretical

Quadratic operator relations and Bethe equations for spin-1/2 Richardson–Gaudin models

Claude Dimo, Alexandre Faribault

Published Jun 14, 2018• 16 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Abstract In this work we demonstrate how one can, in a generic approach, derive a set of N simple quadratic Bethe equations for integrable Richardson–Gaudin (RG) models built out of N spins-1/2. These equations depend only on the N eigenvalues of the various conserved charges so that any solution of these equations defines, indirectly through the corresponding set of eigenvalues, one particular eigenstate. The proposed construction covers the full class of integrable RG models of the XYZ (including the subclasses of XXZ and XXX models) type realised in terms of spins-1/2, coupled with one another through , , terms, including, as well, magnetic field-like terms linear in the Pauli matrices. The approach exclusively requires integrability, defined here only by the requirement that N conserved charges R i (with ) such that exist. The result is therefore valid, and equally simple, for models with or without symmetry, with or without a properly defined pseudo-vacuum as well as for models with non-skew symmetric couplings.

DOI
10.1088/1751-8121/aaccb4

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•Jun 4, 2014•0 citations
Abstract In this work we demonstrate how one can, in a generic approach, derive a set of N simple quadratic Bethe equations for integrable Richardson–Gaudin (RG) models built out of N spins-1/2. These equations depend only on the N eigenvalues of the various conserved charges so that any solution of these equations defines, indirectly through the corresponding set of eigenvalues, one particular eigenstate. The proposed construction covers the full class of integrable RG models of the XYZ (including the subclasses of XXZ and XXX models) type realised in terms of spins-1/2, coupled with one another through , , terms, including, as well, magnetic field-like terms linear in the Pauli matrices. The approach exclusively requires integrability, defined here only by the requirement that N conserved charges R i (with ) such that exist. The result is therefore valid, and equally simple, for models with or without symmetry, with or without a properly defined pseudo-vacuum as well as for models with non-skew symmetric couplings.
Abstract In this work we construct the eigenstates of the most general spin-1/2 Richardson–Gaudin model integrable in an external magnetic field. This includes the possibility for fully anisotropic XYZ coupling such that the S i x S j x , S i y S j y and S i z S j z terms all have distinct coupling strengths. While insuring that integrability is maintained in the presence of an external field excludes the elliptic XYZ model which is only integrable at zero field, this work still covers a wide class of fully anisotropic (XYZ) models associated with non skew-symmetric r -matrices. The eigenstates, as constructed here, do not require any usable Bethe ansatz and therefore: no proper pseudo-vacuum, Bethe roots, or generalised spin raising (Gaudin) operators have to be defined. Indeed, the eigenstates are generically built only through the conserved charges which define the model of interest and the specification of the set of eigenvalues defining the particular eigenstate. Since these eigenvalues are, in general, solutions to a simple set of quadratic equations, the proposed approach is simpler to implement than any Bethe ansatz and, moreover, it remains completely identical independently of the symmetries of the model. Indeed, the construction removes any distinction between XYZ models and XXZ/XXX models and, generically, that between models with or without U (1) symmetry so that any difficulties associated with the use of a Bethe ansatz in any of these cases are avoided.
Starting from integrable su (2) (quasi-)spin Richardson–Gaudin (RG) XXZ models we derive several properties of integrable spin models coupled to a bosonic mode. We focus on the Dicke–Jaynes–Cummings–Gaudin models and the two-channel ( p + i p )-wave pairing Hamiltonian. The pseudo-deformation of the underlying su (2) algebra is here introduced as a way to obtain these models in the contraction limit of different RG models. This allows for the construction of the full set of conserved charges, the Bethe ansatz state, and the resulting RG equations. For these models an alternative and simpler set of quadratic equations can be found in terms of the eigenvalues of the conserved charges. Furthermore, the recently proposed eigenvalue-based determinant expressions for the overlaps and form factors of local operators are extended to these models, linking the results previously presented for the Dicke–Jaynes–Cummings–Gaudin models with the general results for RG XXZ models.
Abstract We establish the most general class of spin- integrable Richardson–Gaudin models including an arbitrary magnetic field, returning a fully anisotropic (XYZ) model. The restriction to spin- relaxes the usual integrability constraints, allowing for a general solution where the couplings between spins lack the usual antisymmetric properties of Richardson–Gaudin models. The full set of conserved charges are constructed explicitly and shown to satisfy a set of quadratic equations, allowing for the numerical treatment of a fully anisotropic central spin in an external magnetic field. While this approach does not provide expressions for the exact eigenstates, it allows their eigenvalues to be obtained, and expectation values of local observables can then be calculated from the Hellmann–Feynman theorem.
We present the inner products of eigenstates in integrable Richardson-Gaudin models from two different perspectives and derive two classes of Gaudin-like determinant expressions for such inner products. The requirement that one of the states is on-shell arises naturally by demanding that a state has a dual representation. By implicitly combining these different representations, inner products can be recast as domain wall boundary partition functions. The structure of all involved matrices in terms of Cauchy matrices is made explicit and used to show how one of the classes returns the Slavnov determinant formula. Furthermore, this framework provides a further connection between two different approaches for integrable models, one in which everything is expressed in terms of rapidities satisfying Bethe equations, and one in which everything is expressed in terms of the eigenvalues of conserved charges, satisfying quadratic equations.
In this work, we construct an alternative formulation to the traditional algebraic Bethe ansätze for quantum integrable models derived from a generalized rational Gaudin algebra realized in terms of a collection of spins 1/2 coupled to a single bosonic mode. The ensemble of resulting models which we call Dicke–Jaynes–Cummings–Gaudin models are particularly relevant for the description of light–matter interaction in the context of quantum optics. Having two distinct ways to write any eigenstate of these models we then combine them in order to write overlaps and form factors of local operators in terms of partition functions with domain wall boundary conditions. We also demonstrate that they can all be written in terms of determinants of matrices whose entries only depend on the eigenvalues of the conserved charges. Since these eigenvalues obey a much simpler set of quadratic Bethe equations, the resulting expressions could then offer important simplifications for the numerical treatment of these models.
In this work, we construct an alternative formulation to the traditional Algebraic Bethe ansatz for rational Gaudin models realised in terms of a collection of spins 1/2 coupled to a single bosonic mode. In doing so, we obtain two distinct ways to write any eigenstate of these models which can then be combined to write overlaps and form factors of local operators in terms of partition functions with domain wall boundary conditions. We also demonstrate that they can therefore all be written in terms of determinants of matrices whose entries only depend on the eigenvalues of the conserved charges. Since these eigenvalues obey a much simpler set of quadratic Bethe equations, the resulting expressions could then offer important simplifications for the numerical treatment of these models.