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arXiv:1804.05532 · Chinese Physics B

Phase transitions of the five-state clock model on the square lattice

Yong Chen, Zhi-Yuan Xie, Ji-Feng Yu

Published Aug 1, 2018• 15 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Using the tensor renormalization group method based on the higher-order singular value decomposition, we have studied the phase transitions of the five-state clock model on the square lattice. The temperature dependence of the specific heat indicates the system has two phase transitions, as verified clearly by the correlation function at three representative temperatures. By calculating the magnetic susceptibility, we obtained only the upper critical temperature as T c2 = 0.9565(7). Investigating the fixed-point tensor, we precisely locate the transition temperatures at T c1 = 0.9029(1) and T c2 = 0.9520(1), consistent well with the Monte Carlo and the density matrix renormalization group results.

DOI
10.1088/1674-1056/27/8/080503

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We investigate the critical behavior and the duality property of the ferromagnetic qqq-state clock model on the square lattice based on the tensor-network formalism. From the entanglement spectra of local tensors defined in the original and dual lattices, we obtain the exact self-dual points for the model with $q \leq 5 $ and approximate self-dual points for q≥6q \geq 6q≥6. We calculate accurately the lower and upper critical temperatures for the six-state clock model from the fixed-point tensors determined using the higher-order tensor renormalization group method and compare with other numerical results.
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Abstract It has been proven that the phase transition of the q-state ferromagnetic Potts model on the square lattice is of the second order for q=4q=4q=4. However, some observables of the q=4q=4q=4 model show features of a first-order phase transition. In particular, a recent large-scale Monte Carlo investigation of the 4-state Potts model observed that the two-peak structure of the energy density distribution becomes more noticeable when L increases. This finding suggests that the signal of coexistence of phases grows stronger with L. Motivated by these unusual critical behaviors, we study the energy density E and the specific heat CvC_vCv​ of the 4-state Potts model on the square lattice using the technique of bond-weighted tensor renormalization group (BTRG). As a comparison, we also investigate the q=2q=2q=2 and q=5q=5q=5 ferromagnetic Potts models on the square lattice using the same method. Remarkably, our results imply that there may be a small energy gap for the q=4q=4q=4 model. Although the appearance of the small energy gap can be explained and would disappear with a more sophisticated investigation, our finding suggests that further investigation is required to determine whether a message of a first-order phase transition is genuine or an artificial effect.
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