Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

arXiv:1804.03814 · Physica Scripta

Photon echo using imperfect x-ray pulse with phase fluctuation

Jin-Fu Chen, Hui Dong, Chang-Pu Sun

Published Apr 9, 2019• 2 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Abstract We study the impact of inter-pulse phase fluctuation in an x-ray free-electron laser on the signal in photon echo spectroscopy, which is one of the simplest nonlinear spectroscopic methods. A two-pulse echo model is considered with two-level atoms as the sample. The effect of both fluctuation amplitude and correlation strength of the random phase is studied both numerically and analytically. We find that the random phase leads to the changed amplitude and the unchanged rephasing time of the photon echo signal, and show that the relaxation time can be obtained with a previous photon echo setup by an additional average across the signals in different repeated measurements for the pulses with random phase.

DOI
10.1088/1402-4896/ab1785

Related papers

Analysis of Imperfect Rephasing in Photon Echo-Based Quantum Memories

Byoung Seung HAM

Over the last two decades, quantum memories have been intensively studied for potential applications of quantum repeaters in quantum networks. Various protocols have also been developed. To satisfy no noise echoes caused by spontaneous emission processes, a conventional two-pulse photon-echo scheme has been modified. The resulting methods include double-rephasing, ac Stark, dc Stark, controlled echo, and atomic frequency comb methods. In these methods, the main purpose of modification is to remove any chance of a population residual on the excited state during the rephasing process. Here, we investigate a typical Gaussian rephasing pulse-based double-rephasing photon-echo scheme. For a complete understanding of the coherence leakage by the Gaussian pulse itself, ensemble atoms are thoroughly investigated for all temporal components of the Gaussian pulse, whose maximum echo efficiency is 26% in amplitude, which is unacceptable for quantum memory applications.

Entropy•Sep 27, 2022•0 citations

Effect of temporal fluctuations of the optical path in a system for data storage by cumulative photon echo

A. N. Yashin

An investigation is made of the efficiency of repeated excitation of a sample by laser pulse pairs when data are stored by the photon echo method. Fluctuations of the difference between the pulse phases in different pairs, resulting from instability of the optical path length in the delay line, are shown to prevent cophasal superposition of a set of level-population gratings. The possibility of weakening the negative influence of this effect on the intensity of the read echo signal is considered.

Quantum Electronics•May 31, 1995•0 citations

Photon echo measurements in liquids: Numerical calculations with model systems

Minhaeng Cho, Graham R. Fleming

Two- and three-pulse photon echo signals are calculated for various model systems. The use of an experimental solvation correlation function as the solvent fluctuation correlation function leads to two conclusions. First, inertial solvent motion plays a major role in the electronic dephasing process. Second, simple models such as Markovian or exponential models for the solvent fluctuation correlation function may not provide an adequate description of the echo signal. The real and imaginary parts of the echo response, which may be measured via heterodyne detected stimulated photon echoes, are compared with conventional photon echo signals.

The Journal of Chemical Physics•Feb 15, 1993•56 citations

Nonperturbative approach to the nonlinear photon echo of V-type system

Xue Zhang, Dong, Hui

The analysis of nonlinear spectroscopy, widely used to study the dynamics and structures of condensed-phase matter, typically employs a perturbative approach noticing the weak interaction between the laser and the matter of interest. However, such perturbative approach is no longer applicable once the interaction between the laser and the matter is strong. We adapt the method of quantum dynamical evolution into the calculation of signal and present the response formalism of the nonlinear spectroscopy in a nonperturbative approach. In this new approach, we demonstrate that in addition to the third-order term in the perturbative method, the higher-order terms have essential contributions to the nonlinear signal of the two-pulse and three-pulse photon echo (2PPE and 3PPE). The detailed calculations are demonstrated with the example of a three-level V-type system, which is widely used in the studies of quantum optics. We consider the effect of the environment via a pure dephasing mechanism with both the localized modes of each molecule and the shared modes between molecules.

arXiv:2206.10857•Jun 22, 2022•0 citations

Photon echoes induced by a phase-diffusing field: experimental evidence of a reversible behavior

François Rohart

We report quantitative measurements of the effects of a phase-diffusing field on coherent transients when the detected signals are averaged over many shots. Experiments were made at a millimeter wavelength, and frequency fluctuations were simulated by deliberately applying a well-defined random Stark field to the gaseous sample: This permits a separate adjustment of the amplitude and the rate of fluctuations. In the case of slow frequency fluctuations, two- and three-pulse-induced photon echoes clearly exhibit a reversible behavior that is closely related to the definite shape of the frequency-autocorrelation function.

Journal of the Optical Society of America B•Apr 1, 1986•7 citations

Nonperturbative approach to the nonlinear photon echo of a V-type system

Xue Zhang, Hui Dong

The analysis of nonlinear spectroscopy, widely used to study the dynamics and structures of condensed-phase matter, typically employs a perturbative approach noticing the weak interaction between the laser and the matter of interest. However, such a perturbative approach is no longer applicable once the interaction between the laser and the matter is strong. We adapt the method of quantum dynamical evolution into the calculation of signal and present the response formalism of the nonlinear spectroscopy in a nonperturbative approach. In this approach, we demonstrate that, in addition to the third-order term in the perturbative method, the higher-order terms have essential contributions to the nonlinear signal of the two-pulse and three-pulse photon echo (2PPE and 3PPE). The detailed calculations are demonstrated with the example of a three-level V-type system, which is widely used in the studies of quantum optics. We consider the effect of the environment via a pure dephasing mechanism with both the localized modes of each molecule and the shared modes between molecules.

Physical Review A•Oct 24, 2022•2 citations
Abstract We study the impact of inter-pulse phase fluctuation in an x-ray free-electron laser on the signal in photon echo spectroscopy, which is one of the simplest nonlinear spectroscopic methods. A two-pulse echo model is considered with two-level atoms as the sample. The effect of both fluctuation amplitude and correlation strength of the random phase is studied both numerically and analytically. We find that the random phase leads to the changed amplitude and the unchanged rephasing time of the photon echo signal, and show that the relaxation time can be obtained with a previous photon echo setup by an additional average across the signals in different repeated measurements for the pulses with random phase.
Over the last two decades, quantum memories have been intensively studied for potential applications of quantum repeaters in quantum networks. Various protocols have also been developed. To satisfy no noise echoes caused by spontaneous emission processes, a conventional two-pulse photon-echo scheme has been modified. The resulting methods include double-rephasing, ac Stark, dc Stark, controlled echo, and atomic frequency comb methods. In these methods, the main purpose of modification is to remove any chance of a population residual on the excited state during the rephasing process. Here, we investigate a typical Gaussian rephasing pulse-based double-rephasing photon-echo scheme. For a complete understanding of the coherence leakage by the Gaussian pulse itself, ensemble atoms are thoroughly investigated for all temporal components of the Gaussian pulse, whose maximum echo efficiency is 26% in amplitude, which is unacceptable for quantum memory applications.
An investigation is made of the efficiency of repeated excitation of a sample by laser pulse pairs when data are stored by the photon echo method. Fluctuations of the difference between the pulse phases in different pairs, resulting from instability of the optical path length in the delay line, are shown to prevent cophasal superposition of a set of level-population gratings. The possibility of weakening the negative influence of this effect on the intensity of the read echo signal is considered.
Two- and three-pulse photon echo signals are calculated for various model systems. The use of an experimental solvation correlation function as the solvent fluctuation correlation function leads to two conclusions. First, inertial solvent motion plays a major role in the electronic dephasing process. Second, simple models such as Markovian or exponential models for the solvent fluctuation correlation function may not provide an adequate description of the echo signal. The real and imaginary parts of the echo response, which may be measured via heterodyne detected stimulated photon echoes, are compared with conventional photon echo signals.
The analysis of nonlinear spectroscopy, widely used to study the dynamics and structures of condensed-phase matter, typically employs a perturbative approach noticing the weak interaction between the laser and the matter of interest. However, such perturbative approach is no longer applicable once the interaction between the laser and the matter is strong. We adapt the method of quantum dynamical evolution into the calculation of signal and present the response formalism of the nonlinear spectroscopy in a nonperturbative approach. In this new approach, we demonstrate that in addition to the third-order term in the perturbative method, the higher-order terms have essential contributions to the nonlinear signal of the two-pulse and three-pulse photon echo (2PPE and 3PPE). The detailed calculations are demonstrated with the example of a three-level V-type system, which is widely used in the studies of quantum optics. We consider the effect of the environment via a pure dephasing mechanism with both the localized modes of each molecule and the shared modes between molecules.
We report quantitative measurements of the effects of a phase-diffusing field on coherent transients when the detected signals are averaged over many shots. Experiments were made at a millimeter wavelength, and frequency fluctuations were simulated by deliberately applying a well-defined random Stark field to the gaseous sample: This permits a separate adjustment of the amplitude and the rate of fluctuations. In the case of slow frequency fluctuations, two- and three-pulse-induced photon echoes clearly exhibit a reversible behavior that is closely related to the definite shape of the frequency-autocorrelation function.
The analysis of nonlinear spectroscopy, widely used to study the dynamics and structures of condensed-phase matter, typically employs a perturbative approach noticing the weak interaction between the laser and the matter of interest. However, such a perturbative approach is no longer applicable once the interaction between the laser and the matter is strong. We adapt the method of quantum dynamical evolution into the calculation of signal and present the response formalism of the nonlinear spectroscopy in a nonperturbative approach. In this approach, we demonstrate that, in addition to the third-order term in the perturbative method, the higher-order terms have essential contributions to the nonlinear signal of the two-pulse and three-pulse photon echo (2PPE and 3PPE). The detailed calculations are demonstrated with the example of a three-level V-type system, which is widely used in the studies of quantum optics. We consider the effect of the environment via a pure dephasing mechanism with both the localized modes of each molecule and the shared modes between molecules.