We solve the three-boson problem with contact two-and three-body interactions in one dimension and analytically calculate the ground and excited trimer-state energies.Then, by using the diffusion Monte Carlo technique we calculate the binding energy of three dimers formed in a one-dimensional Bose-Bose or Fermi-Bose mixture with attractive interspecies and repulsive intraspecies interactions.Combining these results with our three-body analytics, we extract the three-dimer scattering length close to the dimer-dimer zero crossing.In both considered cases the three-dimer interaction turns out to be repulsive.Our results constitute a concrete proposal for obtaining a one-dimensional gas with a pure three-body repulsion.
We solve the three-boson problem with contact two-and three-body interactions in one dimension and analytically calculate the ground and excited trimer-state energies.Then, by using the diffusion Monte Carlo technique we calculate the binding energy of three dimers formed in a one-dimensional Bose-Bose or Fermi-Bose mixture with attractive interspecies and repulsive intraspecies interactions.Combining these results with our three-body analytics, we extract the three-dimer scattering length close to the dimer-dimer zero crossing.In both considered cases the three-dimer interaction turns out to be repulsive.Our results constitute a concrete proposal for obtaining a one-dimensional gas with a pure three-body repulsion.
I consider nonrelativistic bosons interacting via pairwise potentials with infinite scattering length and supporting no two-body bound states. To lowest order in effective field theory, these conditions lead to noninteracting bosons, since the coupling constant of the Lieb-Liniger model vanishes identically in this limit. Since any realistic pairwise interaction is not a mere delta function, the noninteracting picture is an idealization indicating that the effect of interactions is weaker than in the case of off-resonant potentials. I show that the leading-order correction to the ground-state energy for more than two bosons is accurately described by the lowest-order three-body force in effective field theory that arises due to the off-shell structure of the two-body interaction. For natural two-body interactions with a short-distance repulsive core and an attractive tail, the emergent three-body interaction is repulsive and, therefore, three bosons do not form any bound states. This situation is analogous to the two-dimensional repulsive Bose gas, when treated using the lowest-order contact interaction, where the scattering amplitude exhibits an unphysical Landau pole. The avoidance of this state in the three-boson problem proceeds in a way that parallels the two-dimensional case. These results pave the way for the experimental realization of one-dimensional Bose gases with pure three-body interactions using ultracold atoms.
We consider the system of dimers formed in a one-dimensional mass-balanced Bose-Bose mixture of species $\ensuremath{\sigma}=\ensuremath{\uparrow},\ensuremath{\downarrow}$ with attractive interspecies and repulsive intraspecies contact interactions. In the plane parametrized by the ratios of the coupling constants ${g}_{\ensuremath{\uparrow}\ensuremath{\uparrow}}/|{g}_{\ensuremath{\uparrow}\ensuremath{\downarrow}}|$ and ${g}_{\ensuremath{\downarrow}\ensuremath{\downarrow}}/|{g}_{\ensuremath{\uparrow}\ensuremath{\downarrow}}|$ we trace out the curve where the dimer-dimer interaction switches from attractive to repulsive. We find this curve to be significantly (by more than a factor of 2) shifted towards larger ${g}_{\ensuremath{\sigma}\ensuremath{\sigma}}$ (or smaller $|{g}_{\ensuremath{\uparrow}\ensuremath{\downarrow}}|$) compared to the mean-field stability boundary ${g}_{\ensuremath{\uparrow}\ensuremath{\uparrow}}{g}_{\ensuremath{\downarrow}\ensuremath{\downarrow}}={g}_{\ensuremath{\uparrow}\ensuremath{\downarrow}}^{2}$. For a weak dimer-dimer attraction we predict a dilute dimerized liquid phase stabilized against collapse by a repulsive three-dimer force.
In this Thesis, we report a detailed study of the ground-state properties of a set of quantum few- and many-body systems by using Quantum Monte Carlo methods. First, we introduced the Variational Monte Carlo and Diffusion Monte Carlo methods, which are the methods used in this Thesis to obtain the properties of the systems. The first systems we studied consist of few-body clusters in one-dimensional Bose-Bose and Bose-Fermi mixtures. Each mixture is formed by two different species with attractive interspecies and repulsive intraspecies contact interactions. For each mixture, we focused on the study of the dimer, tetramer, and hexamer clusters. We calculated their binding energies and unbinding thresholds. Combining these results with a three-body theory, we extracted the three-dimer scattering length close to the dimer-dimer zero crossing. For both mixtures, the three-dimer interaction turns out to be repulsive. Our results constitute a concrete proposal for obtaining a one-dimensional gas with a pure three-body repulsion. The next system analyzed consists of few-body clusters in a two-dimensional Bose-Bose mixture using two types of interactions. The first case corresponds to a bilayer of dipoles aligned perpendicularly to the planes and, in the second, we model the interactions by finite-range Gaussian potentials. We find that all the considered clusters are bound states and that their energies are universal functions of the scattering lengths, for sufficiently large attraction-to-repulsion ratios. Studying the hexamer energy close to the corresponding threshold, we discovered an effective three-dimer repulsion, which can stabilize interesting many-body phases. Once the existence of bound states in the dipolar bilayer has been demonstrated, we investigated whether halos can occur in this system. A halo state is a quantum bound state whose size is much larger than the range of the attractive interaction between the atoms that form it, showing universal ratios between energy and size. For clusters composed from three up to six dipoles, we find two very distinct halo structures. For large interlayer separation, the halo structure is roughly symmetric. However, for the deepest bound clusters and as the clusters approach the threshold, we discover an unusual shape of the halo states, highly anisotropic. Importantly, our results prove the existence of stable halo states composed of up to six particles. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that halo states with such a large number of particles have been predicted and observed in a numerical simulation. The next system we studied is a two-dimensional many-body dipolar fluid confined to a bilayer geometry. We calculated the ground-state phase diagram as a function of the density and the separation between layers. Our simulations show that the system undergoes a phase transition from a gas to a stable liquid as the interlayer distance increases. The liquid phase is stable in a wide range of densities and interlayer values. In the final part of this Thesis, we studied a system of dipolar bosons confined to a multilayer geometry formed by equally spaced two-dimensional layers. We calculated the ground-state phase diagram as a function of the density, the separation between layers, and the number of layers. The key result of our study in the dipolar multilayer is the existence of three phases: atomic gas, solid, and gas of chains, in a wide range of the system parameters. Remarkably, we find that the density of the solid phase decreases several orders of magnitude as the number of layers in the system increases. The results reported in this Thesis show that a dipolar system in a bilayer and multilayer geometries offer stable and highly controllable setups for observing interesting phases of quantum matter, such as halo states, and ultra-dilute liquids and solids. En esta Tesis, presentamos un estudio detallado de las propiedades del estado fundamental de un conjunto de sistemas cuánticos de pocos y muchos cuerpos mediante el uso de los métodos de Monte Carlo Cuántico. Primero, introducimos los métodos de Monte Carlo Variacional y Monte Carlo Difusivo que usamos en esta Tesis para obtener las propiedades de los sistemas. Los primeros sistemas que estudiamos son agregados de pocos cuerpos en mezclas unidimensionales de Bose-Bose y Bose-Fermi. Cada una de las mezclas está formada por dos especies con interacciones atractivas para interespecies y repulsivas para intraespecies. Para cada una de las mezclas nos centramos en el estudio de dímeros, tetrámeros y hexámeros. Calculamos las energías de ligadura y los valores umbrales de ruptura de los agregados. Combinando estos resultados con una teoría de tres cuerpos, extrajimos la longitud de dispersión de tres dímeros cerca del punto de ruptura dímero-dímero. Para ambas mezclas la interacción de tres dímeros resulta ser repulsiva. El siguiente sistema analizado son agregados de pocos cuerpos en una mezcla bidimensional de Bose-Bose con dos tipos de interacciones. El primer caso corresponde a una bicapa de dipolos con momentos dipolares orientados perpendicularmente a los planos y, en el segundo, modelamos las interacciones con potenciales gaussianos de rango finito. Encontramos que para relaciones de atracción-repulsión suficientemente grandes todos los agregados considerados son estados ligados y sus energías son funciones universales de las longitudes de dispersión. Estudiando la energía del hexámero cerca del punto umbral correspondiente, descubrimos una repulsión efectiva de tres dímeros, que puede estabilizar fases interesantes de muchos cuerpos. Después de demostrar la existencia de los estados ligados en la bicapa dipolar, investigamos si pueden ocurrir estados de halo en este sistema. Un estado de halo es un estado ligado cuántico cuyo tamaño es mucho mayor que el rango de la interacción atractiva entre los átomos que lo forman. Para agregados compuestos de tres hasta seis dipolos encontramos dos estructuras de halo muy distintas. Para separaciones grandes entre las capas, la estructura de halo es aproximadamente simétrica. Sin embargo, para los estados más ligados y, a medida que los agregados se acercan al punto umbral, descubrimos una estructura de halo inusual, altamente anisotrópica. Nuestros resultados demuestran la existencia de estados de halo estables compuestos de hasta seis dipolos. Hasta donde sabemos, esta es la primera vez que estados de halo con un número tan grande de partículas se predicen y observan en una simulación numérica. Después, estudiamos un fluido bidimensional dipolar de muchos cuerpos confinado a una geometría de bicapa. Calculamos el diagrama de fases del estado fundamental como función de la densidad y de la separación entre las capas. Nuestras simulaciones muestran que en el sistema ocurre una transición de fase, de un gas a un líquido a medida que se incrementa la distancia entre las capas. El líquido es estable en una región amplia de densidades y de la distancia entre las capas. En la parte final de esta Tesis se estudia un sistema de bosones dipolares confinados a una geometría multicapa formada por capas bidimensionales igualmente espaciadas. Calculamos el diagrama de fases del estado fundamental como función de la densidad, la separación entre las capas y el número de capas. Encontramos que existen tres fases: gas atómico, sólido y gas de cadenas, en una región amplia de los parámetros del sistema. La densidad del sólido disminuye varios órdenes de magnitud a medida que el número de capas en el sistema aumenta. Los resultados reportados en esta Tesis muestran que un sistema de dipolos confinados a una bicapa o multicapa ofrece configuraciones estables y altamente controlables para observar fases interesantes de materia cuántica, como estados
We study clusters of the type ANBM with $N\ensuremath{\le}M\ensuremath{\le}3$ in a two-dimensional mixture of A and B bosons, with attractive AB and equally repulsive AA and BB interactions. In order to check universal aspects of the problem, we choose two very different models: dipolar bosons in a bilayer geometry and particles interacting via separable Gaussian potentials. We find that all the considered clusters are bound and that their energies are universal functions of the scattering lengths aAB and aAA=aBB, for sufficiently large attraction-to-repulsion ratios aAB/aBB. When aAB/aBB decreases below $\ensuremath{\approx}10$, the dimer-dimer interaction changes from attractive to repulsive and the population-balanced AABB and AAABBB clusters break into AB dimers. Calculating the AAABBB hexamer energy just below this threshold, we find an effective three-dimer repulsion which may have important implications for the many-body problem, particularly for observing liquid and supersolid states of dipolar dimers in the bilayer geometry. The population-imbalanced ABB trimer, ABBB tetramer, and AABBB pentamer remain bound beyond the dimer-dimer threshold. In the dipolar model, they break up at ${a}_{AB}\ensuremath{\approx}2{a}_{BB}$, where the atom-dimer interaction switches to repulsion.
We solve the three-body problem of a quasi-one-dimensional ultracold Fermi gas with parabolic confinement length a (perpendicular) and 3D scattering length a. On the two-body level, there is a Feshbach-type resonance at a (perpendicular)/a approximately 1.46, and a dimer state for arbitrary a (perpendicular)/a. The three-body problem is shown to be universal, and described by the atom-dimer scattering length a(ad) and a range parameter b(ad). In the dimer limit a (perpendicular)/a>>1, we find a repulsive zero-range atom-dimer interaction. For a (perpendicular)/a<<-1, however, the potential has long range, with a(ad)>0 and b(ad)>>a(ad). There is no trimer state, and despite a(ad)=0 at a( perpendicular)/a approximately 2.6, there is no resonance enhancement of the interaction.
We extend to the N-body case previous techniques for solving three-body problems with repulsive interparticle potentials and periodic boundary conditions on each particle. For clarity, we begin with one-dimensional problems, although the techniques are not peculiar to them and can be generalized to three dimensions. We decompose the wavefunction ψ into N(N − 1)/2 parts, according to Ψ= ∑ i<j=1Nψij;from the Schrödinger equation we find a basic equation for a typical ψij. As a test of this equation, we apply it for N = 4 and the case of δ-function interactions, and solve it numerically to find close agreement between the energy per particle of a four-body system and a system of the same density in which N → ∞. The numerical results are consistent with the analytic one that Eg(∞), which is the ground-state energy per particle of the system with an infinite number of particles, is related to Eg(N), which is that energy for the N-body system of the same density, by Eg(N) = Eg(∞)[1 − (1/N)] for weak repulsion and by Eg(N) = Eg(∞)[1 − (1/N2)] for very strong repulsion. We begin a similar comparison for the three-dimensional hard-sphere case by working out the problem of two hard spheres with periodic boundary conditions over a length L2 such that the density is the same as for an N-body problem in volume V=LN3:2/L23=N/LN3. We find that we get the analog of the one-dimensional result, for which case Eg(2) = Eg(∞)/2 for N = 2. That is, we find Eg(2) = πa2h/mv, which is just one-half of the many-body theory result. We also calculate the two-body correlation function and find good agreement with the many-body one, as calculated by Lee, Huang, and Yang.