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arXiv:1803.03507 · Physical Review A

Dynamic hysteresis from bistability in an antiferromagnetic spinor condensate

Tomasz Świsłocki, Andrzej Zembrzuski, Michał Matuszewski, Emilia Witkowska

Published Mar 29, 2018• 3 citations
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Abstract

We study the emergence of hysteresis during the process of quantum phase transition from an antiferromagnetic to a phase-separated state in a spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensate of ultracold atoms. We explicitly demonstrate the appearance of a hysteresis loop with various quench times, showing that it is rate independent for large magnetizations only. In other cases, scaling of the hysteresis loop area is observed, which we explain by using the Kibble-Zurek theory in the limit of small magnetization. The effect of an external harmonic trapping potential is also discussed.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.97.033629

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We consider a phase transition from an antiferromagnetic to a phase separated ground state in a spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensate of ultracold atoms. We demonstrate the occurrence of two scaling laws, for the number of spin domain seeds just after the phase transition, and for the number of spin domains in the final, stable configuration. Only the first scaling can be explained by the standard Kibble-Żurek mechanism. We explain the occurrence of two scaling laws by a model including postselection of spin domains due to the conservation of condensate magnetization.
We study the effect of an external harmonic trapping potential on an outcome of the nonadiabatic quantum phase transition from an antiferromagnetic to a phase-separated state in a spin-1 atomic condensate. Previously, we demonstrated that the dynamics of an untrapped system exhibits double universality with two different scaling laws appearing due to the conservation of magnetization. We show that in the presence of a trap, double universality persists. However, the corresponding scaling exponents are strongly modified by the transfer of local magnetization across the system. The values of these exponents cannot be explained by the effect of causality alone, as in the spinless case. We derive the appropriate scaling laws based on a slow diffusive-drift relaxation process in the local density approximation.
Spontaneous spin vortex formation in a magnetic phase transition of a trapped spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensate is investigated based on mean-field theory. In a harmonic trapping potential, an inhomogeneous atomic density leads to spatial variations of the critical point, magnetization time, and spin correlation length. The Kibble-Zurek phenomena are shown to emerge even in such inhomogeneous spinor condensates, when the quench of the quadratic Zeeman energy is fast enough. For slow quench, the magnetized region gradually expands from the center of the trap, pushing out spin vortices, which hinders the Kibble-Zurek mechanism from occurring. The case of a toroidal trapping potential is also discussed.
We explore the hysteretic dynamics of spinor Bose-Einstein condensates of ultracold atoms loaded in static 2D ring geometries and subjected to varying synthetic magnetic fields. Electrically neutral, pseudo-spin-1/2 condensates are probed by one-component weak-link potentials that make available paths for the transit of vortices into and out of the ring in both components, and thus can control the number of flux quanta threading the ring hole. For perpendicular fields, domain walls that are dynamically generated in the relative phase of the spin components are shown to play a key role in driving the hysteretic behavior of the whole system through changes in the net magnetic flux. In the presence of spin-orbit coupling, hysteresis is exhibited around the phase transitions found by the metastable current states for varying fields.
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