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arXiv:1803.01951 · Physical Review A

Accessing finite-momentum excitations of the one-dimensional Bose-Hubbard model using superlattice-modulation spectroscopy

Karla Loida, Jean-Sébastien Bernier, R. Citro, E. Orignac, Corinna Kollath

Published Sep 14, 2018• 3 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We investigate the response to superlattice modulation of a bosonic quantum gas confined to arrays of tubes emulating the one-dimensional Bose-Hubbard model. We demonstrate, using both time-dependent density-matrix renormalization-group and linear response theory, that such a superlattice modulation gives access to the excitation spectrum of the Bose-Hubbard model at finite momenta. Deep in the Mott insulator, the response is characterized by a narrow energy-absorption peak at a frequency approximately corresponding to the on-site interaction strength between bosons. This spectroscopic technique thus allows for an accurate measurement of the effective value of the interaction strength. On the superfluid side, we show that the response depends on the lattice filling. The system can either respond at infinitely small values of the modulation frequency or only above a frequency threshold. We discuss our numerical findings in light of analytical results obtained for the Lieb-Liniger model. In particular, for this continuum model, bosonization predicts power-law onsets for both responses.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.98.033605

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We investigate the response to superlattice modulation of a bosonic quantum gas confined to arrays of tubes emulating the one-dimensional Bose-Hubbard model. We demonstrate, using both time-dependent density-matrix renormalization-group and linear response theory, that such a superlattice modulation gives access to the excitation spectrum of the Bose-Hubbard model at finite momenta. Deep in the Mott insulator, the response is characterized by a narrow energy-absorption peak at a frequency approximately corresponding to the on-site interaction strength between bosons. This spectroscopic technique thus allows for an accurate measurement of the effective value of the interaction strength. On the superfluid side, we show that the response depends on the lattice filling. The system can either respond at infinitely small values of the modulation frequency or only above a frequency threshold. We discuss our numerical findings in light of analytical results obtained for the Lieb-Liniger model. In particular, for this continuum model, bosonization predicts power-law onsets for both responses.
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Abstract. The dynamic response of ultracold Bose gases in one-dimensional optical lattices and superlattices is investigated based on exact numerical time evolutions in the framework of the Bose-Hubbard model. The system is excited by a temporal amplitude modulation of the lattice potential, as it was done in recent experiments. For regular lattice potentials, the dynamic signatures of the superfluid to Mott-insulator transition are studied and the position and the fine-structure of the resonances is explained by a linear response analysis. Using direct simulations and the perturbative analysis it is shown that in the presence of a two-colour superlattice the excitation spectrum changes significantly when going from the homogeneous Mott-insulator the quasi Bose-glass phase. A characteristic and experimentally accessible signature for the quasi Bose-glass is the appearance of low-lying resonances and a suppression of the dominant resonance of the Mott-insulator phase.
Motivated by the recent rapid development of the field of quantum gases in optical lattices, we present a comprehensive study of the spectrum of ultracold atoms in a one-dimensional optical lattice subjected to a periodic lattice modulation. Using the time-dependent density matrix renormalization group method, we study the dynamical response due to lattice modulations in different quantum phases of the system with varying density. For the Mott-insulating state, we identify several excitation processes, which provide important information about the density profile of the gases. For the superfluid, the dynamical response can be well described in a local density approximation. This simplification can be valuable in understanding the strong-correlated superfluid in a slow-varying harmonic potential. All these spectroscopic features of an inhomogeneous system can be used as a test for the validity of the Bose-Hubbard model in a parabolic trapping potential.
The response of ultracold atomic Bose gases in time-dependent optical lattices is discussed based on direct simulations of the time-evolution of the many-body state in the framework of the Bose-Hubbard model. We focus on small-amplitude modulations of the lattice potential as implemented in several recent experiments and study different observables in the region of the first resonance in the Mott-insulator phase. In addition to the energy transfer we investigate the quasimomentum structure of the system which is accessible via the matter-wave interference pattern after a prompt release. We identify characteristic correlations between the excitation frequency and the quasimomentum distribution and study their structure in the presence of a superlattice potential.
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The one-dimensional extended bosonic Hubbard model has been shown to exhibit a variety of phases ranging from Mott insulator and superfluid to exotic supersolids and Haldane insulators depending on the filling and the relative value of the contact (UUU) and near neighbor (VVV) interaction strengths. In this paper we use the density matrix renormalization group and the time evolving block decimation numerical methods to study in detail the dynamics and excitation spectra of this model in its various phases. In particular, we study in detail the behavior of the charge and neutral gaps which characterize the Mott, charge density, and Haldane insulating phases. We also show that in addition to the gapless modes at k=0k=0k=0, the supersolid phase exhibits gapless modes at a finite kkk which depends on the filling.