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arXiv:1803.01913 · Physical Review A

Experimental signature of quantum Darwinism in photonic cluster states

Mario Arnolfo Ciampini, Giorgia Pinna, Paolo Mataloni, Mauro Paternostro

Published Aug 2, 2018• 55 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We report on an experimental assessment of the emergence of Quantum Darwinism (QD) from engineered open-system dynamics. We use a photonic hyperentangled source of graph states to address the effects that correlations among the elements of a multiparty environment have on the establishment of objective reality ensuing the quantum-to-classical transition. Besides embodying one of the first experimental efforts toward the characterization of QD, our work illustrates the nontrivial consequences that multipartite entanglement and, in turn, the possibility of having environment-to-system back-action have on the features of the QD framework.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.98.020101

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We report on an experimental assessment of the emergence of Quantum Darwinism (QD) from engineered open-system dynamics. We use a photonic hyperentangled source of graph states to address the effects that correlations among the elements of a multiparty environment have on the establishment of objective reality ensuing the quantum-to-classical transition. Besides embodying one of the first experimental efforts toward the characterization of QD, our work illustrates the nontrivial consequences that multipartite entanglement and, in turn, the possibility of having environment-to-system back-action have on the features of the QD framework.
Quantum Darwinism posits that only specific information about a quantum system that is redundantly proliferated to many parts of its environment becomes accessible and objective, leading to the emergence of classical reality. However, it is not clear under what conditions this mechanism holds true. Here we prove that the emergence of classical features along the lines of quantum Darwinism is a general feature of any quantum dynamics: observers who acquire information indirectly through the environment have effective access at most to classical information about one and the same measurement of the quantum system. Our analysis does not rely on a strict conceptual splitting between a system-of-interest and its environment, and allows one to interpret any system as part of the environment of any other system. Finally, our approach leads to a full operational characterization of quantum discord in terms of local redistribution of correlations. Quantum Darwinism provides an explanation for the emergence of classical reality from the underlying quantum world, as information proliferates in the environment and becomes objective. Here, the authors show how some aspects of this mechanism is generic and classicality emerges for any quantum dynamics.
Quantum Darwinism explains the emergence of classical objectivity within a quantum universe. However, to date most research in quantum Darwinism has focused on specific models and their stationary properties. To further our understanding of the quantum-to-classical transition it appears desirable to identify the general criteria a Hamiltonian has to fulfill to support classical reality. To this end, we categorize all models with 2-body interactions, and we show that only those with separable interaction of system and environment can support a pointer basis. We further show that "perfect" quantum Darwinism can only emerge if there are no intra-environmental interactions. Our analysis is complemented by the solution of the ensuing dynamics. We find that in systems that exhibit information scrambling, the dynamical emergence of classical objectivity is in direct competition with the non-local spread of quantum correlations. Our rigorous findings are illustrated with the numerical analysis of four representative models.
Quantum Darwinism explains the emergence of classical objectivity within a quantum universe. However, to date, most research on quantum Darwinism has focused on specific models and their stationary properties. To further our understanding of the quantum-to-classical transition, it appears desirable to identify the general criteria a Hamiltonian has to fulfill to support classical reality. To this end, we categorize all N-qubit models with two-body interactions, and show that only those with separable interaction of the system and environment can support a pointer basis. We further demonstrate that “perfect” quantum Darwinism can only emerge if there are no intra-environmental interactions. Our analysis is complemented by solving the ensuing dynamics. We find that in systems exhibiting information scrambling, the dynamical emergence of classical objectivity directly competes with the non-local spread of quantum correlations. Our rigorous findings are illustrated through the numerical analysis of four representative models.
Abstract Quantum Darwinism is a compelling theory that describes the quantum-to classical transition as the emergence of objectivity of quantum systems. Spectrum broadcast structure and strong quantum Darwinism are two extensions of this theory with emphasis on state structure and information respectively. The complete experimental verification of these three frameworks, however, requires quantum state tomography over both the system and accessible environments, thus limiting the feasibility and scalability of experimental tests. Here, we introduce a subspace-dependent objectivity operation and construct a witness that detects non-objectivity by comparing the dynamics of the system-environment state with and without the objectivity operation. We then propose a photonic experimental simulation that implements the witnessing scheme. Our work proposes a route to further experimental exploration of the quantum to classical transition.
Quantum Darwinism attempts to explain the emergence of objective reality of the state of a quantum system in terms of redundant information about the system acquired by independent noninteracting fragments of the environment. The consideration of interacting environmental elements gives rise to a rich phenomenology, including the occurrence of non-Markovian features, whose effects on objectification in the manner of quantum Darwinism needs to be fully understood. We study a model of local interaction between a simple quantum system and a multimode environment that allows for a clear investigation of the interplay between information trapping and propagation in the environment and the emergence of quantum Darwinism. We provide strong evidence of the correlation between non-Markovianity and quantum Darwinism in such a model, thus providing strong evidence of a potential link between such fundamental phenomena.