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arXiv:1802.06543 · IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing

Beamforming Optimization for Physical Layer Security in MISO Wireless Networks

Zhichao Sheng, Hoang Duong Tuan, Trung Q. Duong, H. Vincent Poor

Published May 15, 2018• 67 citations
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Abstract

A wireless network of multiple transmitter-user pairs overheard by an eavesdropper, where the transmitters are equipped with multiple antennas, while the users and eavesdropper are equipped with a single antenna, is considered. At different levels of wireless channel knowledge, the problem of interest is beamforming to optimize the users' quality-of-service (QoS) in terms of their secrecy throughputs or maximize the network's energy efficiency under users' QoS. All these problems are seen as very difficult optimization problems with many nonconvex constraints and nonlinear equality constraints in beamforming vectors. The paper develops path-following computational procedures of low complexity and rapid convergence for the optimal beamforming solution. Their practicability is demonstrated through numerical examples.

DOI
10.1109/tsp.2018.2835406

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•Jan 1, 2019•0 citations
A wireless network of multiple transmitter-user pairs overheard by an eavesdropper, where the transmitters are equipped with multiple antennas, while the users and eavesdropper are equipped with a single antenna, is considered. At different levels of wireless channel knowledge, the problem of interest is beamforming to optimize the users' quality-of-service (QoS) in terms of their secrecy throughputs or maximize the network's energy efficiency under users' QoS. All these problems are seen as very difficult optimization problems with many nonconvex constraints and nonlinear equality constraints in beamforming vectors. The paper develops path-following computational procedures of low complexity and rapid convergence for the optimal beamforming solution. Their practicability is demonstrated through numerical examples.
Considering a multiple-user multiple-input multiple-output channel with an eavesdropper, this letter develops a beamformer design to optimize the energy efficiency in terms of secrecy bits per Joule under secrecy quality-of-service constraints. This is a very difficult design problem with no available exact solution techniques. A path-following procedure, which iteratively improves its feasible points by using a simple quadratic program of moderate dimension, is proposed. Under any fixed computational tolerance, the procedure terminates after finitely many iterations, yielding at least a locally optimal solution. Simulation results show the superior performance of the obtained algorithm over other existing methods.
In this letter, we consider a multi-antenna downlink network where a secure user (SU) coexists with a passive eavesdropper. There are two design requirements for such a network. First, the information should be transferred in a secret and efficient manner. Second, the quality of service (QoS), i.e. delay sensitivity, should be take into consideration to satisfy the demands of real-time wireless services. In order to fulfill the two requirements, we combine the physical layer security technique based on switched beam beamforming with an energy-efficient power allocation. The problem is formulated as the maximization of the secrecy energy efficiency subject to delay and power constraints. By solving the optimization problem, we derive an energy-efficient power allocation scheme. Numerical results validate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
In this paper, we study the secrecy communication in two-user MISO interference networks where an eavesdropper is only interested in one of the transmitters, i.e., transmitter 1. We propose a generalized beamforming design to maximize the achievable secrecy rate of transmitter 1 while guaranteeing the quality of service (QoS) of the other destination. The non-convex problem can be transformed into a two-stage problem. The inner stage is a semidefinite program (SDP) problem based on the semidefinite relaxation (SDR) and the outer stage is a one dimensional line search problem. It is also shown in the proof that the SDR is always tight and yields a rank-one solution. Furthermore, we also propose a low-complexity null-space beamforming design scheme in which the beamforming vectors can be obtained by solving a second-order cone program (SOCP) problem. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the two proposed schemes in improving the secrecy rate performance.
This paper studies the beamforming design problem of a multi-user downlink network, assuming perfect channel state information (CSI) known to the base station (BS). In this scenario, the BS is equipped with multiple antennas, and each user is wiretapped by a specific eavesdropper where each user or eavesdropper is equipped with one antenna. It is supposed that the BS employs transmit beamforming with a given requirement on sum transmitting power. The object is to maximize the sum secrecy rate (SSR) of the network, which leads to a nonconvex complicated structure, and makes he considered beamforming design problem difficult to handle. To solve this problem, a beamforming design scheme is proposed to transform the original problem into a convex approximation problem, by employing semidefinite relaxation (SDR) and first-order approximation technique based on Taylor expansion. Besides, with the advantage of low complexity, a zero-forcing (ZF) based beamforming method is presented in the case that BS is able to nullify he eavesdroppers' rate. Numerical results show that the former strategy achieves better performance than the later one, which is mainly due to the ability of optimizing beamforming direction, and both outperform the traditional signal-to-leakage-and-noise ratio (SLNR) based algorithm.
Under both long (infinite) and short (finite) blocklength transmissions, this paper considers physical layer security for a wireless interference network of multiple transmitter-user pairs, which is overheard by multiple eavesdroppers (EVs). The EVs are assumed to have better channel conditions than the legitimate users (UEs), making the conventional transmission unsecured. The paper develops a novel time-fraction based transmission, under which the information is transmitted to the UEs within a fraction of the time slot and artificial noise (AN) is transmitted within the remaining fraction to counter the strong EVs' channels. Based on channel distribution information of UEs and EVs, the joint design of transmit beamforming, time fractions and AN power allocation to maximize the worst users' secrecy rate is formulated in terms of nonconvex problems. Path-following algorithms of low complexity and rapid convergence are proposed for their solution. Simulations are provided to demonstrate the viability of the proposed methodology.
Physical layer security is a promising technique for information security. In multi-antenna systems, secure transmission designs are of crucial importance for physical layer security. In this thesis, our research focuses on the secure transmission designs for jamming signal aided multi-antenna systems. We first investigate robust secure transmission designs for a cooperative jamming aided multiple-input-single-output (MISO) system. Two scenarios are considered: (a) eavesdroppers' channel state information (ECSI) is available and (b) ECSI is unavailable. In scenario (a), a quality-of-service (QoS)-based design is considered to minimize the worst case signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio at the eavesdroppers. A secrecy rate based design is also studied. In scenario (b), a QoS-based design is considered to maximize the power of jamming signals, and the secrecy rate based design is not applicable. We propose an algorithm for each design problem through semidefinite relaxation. Our analysis shows that, even though the beamforming scheme in our designs is fixed as single stream beamforming, this does not cause any loss of optimality. We further consider secure transmission designs for a simultaneous wireless information and power transfer enabled MISO heterogeneous cellular network. In the considered system, all base stations (BSs) send confidential messages to information receivers and energy signals to energy receivers (ERs). BSs collaboratively utilize the energy signals as jamming signals to cripple ERs' interceptions. We propose a sum logarithmic secrecy rate maximization design problem. To tackle the design problem, we propose a semidefinite relaxation and successive convex approximation based centralized secure transmission design algorithm. Moreover, an alternating direction method of multipliers based distributed secure transmission design is also proposed. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms. Secure transmission is designed for a cooperative jamming aided MISO non-orthogonal multiple access system. We consider an outage constrained secure transmission design problem under the assumption that only statistical ECSI is available. In the design problem, the minimum probabilistic secrecy rate is maximized. Based on 0-norm and the path-following approach, we develop an algorithm to find a solution to the design problem. Simulation results demonstrate that the secrecy outage probability can be guaranteed through the proposed secure transmission design algorithm.