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arXiv:1801.08758 · Physical Review A

Multipartite Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen steering sharing with separable states

Yu Xiang, Xiaolong Su, Ladislav Mišta, Gerardo Adesso, Qiongyi He

Published Jan 22, 2019• 26 citations
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Abstract

The distribution of quantum correlations among remote users is a key procedure underlying many quantum information technologies. Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen steering, which is one kind of such a correlation stronger than entanglement, has been identified as a resource for secure quantum networks. We show that this resource can be established between two and even more distant parties by transmission of a system being separable from all the parties. For two-user scenarios, we design a protocol allowing one to distribute one-way Gaussian steering which can be used subsequently for one-sided device-independent (1sDI) quantum key distribution. Further, we extend the protocol to three-user scenarios to distribute richer steerability properties including one-to-multimode steering and collective steering which can be used for 1sDI quantum secret sharing. All the proposed protocols can be implemented with squeezed states, beam splitters, and displacements, and thus they can be readily realized experimentally. Our findings reveal that not only entanglement but even steering can be distributed via communication of a separable system. Viewed from a different perspective, the present protocols also demonstrate that one can switch multipartite states between different steerability classes by operations on parts of the states.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.99.010104

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The distribution of quantum correlations among remote users is a key procedure underlying many quantum information technologies. Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen steering, which is one kind of such a correlation stronger than entanglement, has been identified as a resource for secure quantum networks. We show that this resource can be established between two and even more distant parties by transmission of a system being separable from all the parties. For two-user scenarios, we design a protocol allowing one to distribute one-way Gaussian steering which can be used subsequently for one-sided device-independent (1sDI) quantum key distribution. Further, we extend the protocol to three-user scenarios to distribute richer steerability properties including one-to-multimode steering and collective steering which can be used for 1sDI quantum secret sharing. All the proposed protocols can be implemented with squeezed states, beam splitters, and displacements, and thus they can be readily realized experimentally. Our findings reveal that not only entanglement but even steering can be distributed via communication of a separable system. Viewed from a different perspective, the present protocols also demonstrate that one can switch multipartite states between different steerability classes by operations on parts of the states.
As two valuable quantum resources, Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen entanglement and steering play important roles in quantum-enhanced communication protocols. Distributing such quantum resources among multiple remote users in a network is a crucial precondition underlying various quantum tasks. We experimentally demonstrate the deterministic distribution of two- and three-mode Gaussian entanglement and steering by transmitting separable states in a network consisting of a quantum server and multiple users. In our experiment, entangled states are not prepared solely by the quantum server, but are created among independent users during the distribution process. More specifically, the quantum server prepares separable squeezed states and applies classical displacements on them before spreading out, and users simply perform local beam-splitter operations and homodyne measurements after they receive separable states. We show that the distributed Gaussian entanglement and steerability are robust against channel loss. Furthermore, one-way Gaussian steering is achieved among users that is useful for further directional or highly asymmetric quantum information processing.
Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) steering is the explicit demonstration of the fact that the measurements of one party can influence the quantum state held by another distant party and do so even if the measurements themselves are untrusted. This has been shown to allow one-sided device-independent quantum information tasks between two remote parties. However, in general, advanced multiparty protocols for generic quantum technologies, such as quantum secret sharing and blind quantum computing for quantum networks, demand multipartite quantum correlations of graph states shared between more than two parties. Here, we show that when one part of a quantum multidimensional system composed of a two-colorable graph state (e.g., cluster and Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger states) is attacked by an eavesdropper using a universal cloning machine, only one of the copy subsystems can exhibit multipartite EPR steering but not both. Such a no-sharing restriction secures both state sources and channels against cloning-based attacks for generic quantum networking tasks, such as distributed quantum information processing, in the presence of uncharacterized measurement apparatuses.
Multipartite Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) steering is a useful quantum resource for quantum communication in quantum networks. It has potential applications in secure quantum communication, such as one-sided device-independent quantum key distribution and quantum secret sharing. By distributing optical modes of a multipartite entangled state to space-separated quantum nodes, a local quantum network can be established. Based on the existing multipartite EPR steering in a local quantum network, secure quantum communication protocol can be accomplished. In this manuscript, we present swapping schemes for EPR steering between two space-separated Gaussian multipartite entangled states, which can be used to connect two space-separated quantum networks. Two swapping schemes, including the swapping between a tripartite Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) entangled state and an EPR entangled state and that between two tripartite GHZ entangled states, are analyzed. Various types of EPR steering are presented after the swapping of two space-separated independent multipartite entanglement states without direct interaction, which can be used to implement quantum communication between two quantum networks. The presented schemes provide technical reference for more complicated quantum networks with EPR steering.
Asymmetric Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen (EPR) steering means the ability of one party to nonlocally “steer” the state in the other side through local measurements. The asymmetric property of EPR steering provides adequate security in one-sided device-independent secure quantum communication protocols. In this paper, we theoretically investigate the asymmetric EPR steering schemes between two subsystems of multipartite entangled states by an asymmetric modulation method. Two schemes, including tripartite entangled state to bipartite steering and quadripartite entangled state to tripartite steering, are investigated. By reconstructing the covariance matrix of continuous variable multipartite Gaussian states, we quantify the steerability of manipulating two different subsystems and demonstrate the EPR steering parameter versus various types of states’ parameters. Our work provides a reference for asymmetric quantum information processing and enriches resources for secure quantum networks.