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arXiv:1801.08536 · Optics Letters

Cavity-enhanced deep ultraviolet laser for two-photon cooling of atomic hydrogen

S. F. Cooper, Z. Burkley, A. D. Brandt, Cory Rasor, D. C. Yost

Published Mar 13, 2018• 22 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We demonstrate a 650 mW 243 nm continuous-wave laser coupled to a linear optical enhancement cavity. The enhancement cavity can maintain >30 W of intracavity power for 1 h of continuous operation without degradation. This system has sufficient power for a demonstration of two-photon laser cooling of hydrogen and may be useful for experiments on other simple two-body atomic systems.

DOI
10.1364/ol.43.001375

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We generate coherent ultraviolet radiation at 313 nm as the third harmonic of an external-cavity diode laser. We use this radiation for laser cooling of trapped beryllium atomic ions and sympathetic cooling of co-trapped beryllium-hydride molecular ions. An LBO crystal in an enhancement cavity generates the second harmonic, and a BBO crystal in a doubly resonant enhancement cavity mixes this second harmonic with the fundamental to produce the third harmonic. Each enhancement cavity is preceded by a tapered amplifier to increase the fundamental light. The 36-mW output power of this all-semiconductor-gain system will enable quantum control of the beryllium ions' motion.
Despite the prominent role of laser cooling in modern atomic physics, with applications ranging from quantum sensors to high-precision spectroscopy and ultracold chemistry, laser cooling techniques are still limited to atoms with simple energy level structure and closed transitions that are accessible by currently available continuous wave (cw) laser sources. Two main obstacles prevent the extension of laser cooling techniques to a variety of atomic species and molecules. The first is associated with technical difficulties in creating cw laser light in the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) spectral range - the absence of those laser sources prevents laser cooling of simple atoms such as hydrogen, deuterium, and antihydrogen. The second obstacle is associated with complex energy level structure of many atoms and almost all molecules - it permits decay of an excited state into a number of lower-lying states that can be widely separated in energy, which makes laser cooling of such species inefficient and experimentally very challenging.
We have built an external-cavity ultraviolet diode laser at 397 nm for Ca+ spectroscopy. The laser consists of a commercial ultraviolet diode laser and a holographic grating in the Littrow configuration. Stable single-mode operation with a power of 3 mW, a linewidth no larger than 2 MHz, and a mode-hop-free frequency scanning range of 15 GHz was achieved. This laser was used to cool a small number of Ca+ in a rf trap. The ions were cooled to a low temperature to form a crystallized state. The use of the laser will simplify experimental setups for diverse applications of Ca+, such as frequency standards, quantum computers and one-atom lasers.
Ultracold atoms, produced by laser cooling and trapping, have led to recent advances in quantum information, quantum chemistry, and quantum sensors.A lack of ultraviolet narrow-band lasers precludes laser cooling of prevalent atoms such as hydrogen, carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen.Broadband pulsed lasers can produce high power in the ultraviolet, and we demonstrate that the entire spectrum of an optical frequency comb can cool atoms when used to drive a narrow two-photon transition.This multiphoton optical force is also used to make a magneto-optical trap.These techniques may provide a route to ultracold samples of nature's most abundant building blocks for studies of pure-state chemistry and precision measurement.