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arXiv:1801.07043 · Physical Review A

Entanglement entropy in the long-range Kitaev chain

Filiberto Ares, José G. Esteve, Fernando Falceto, Amilcar R. de Queiroz

Published Jun 1, 2018• 53 citations
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Abstract

In this paper we complete the study on the asymptotic behavior of the entanglement entropy for Kitaev chains with long-range pairing. We discover that when the couplings decay with the distance with a critical exponent new properties for the asymptotic growth of the entropy appear. The coefficient of the leading term is not universal any more and the connection with conformal field theories is lost. We perform a numerical and analytical approach to the problem showing a perfect agreement. In order to carry out the analytical study, a technique for computing the asymptotic behavior of block Toeplitz determinants with discontinuous symbols has been developed.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.97.062301

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We analyze the properties of the edge states of the one-dimensional Kitaev model with long-range anisotropic pairing and tunneling. Tunneling and pairing are assumed to decay algebraically with exponents $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ and $\ensuremath{\beta}$, respectively, and $\ensuremath{\alpha},\ensuremath{\beta}>1$. We determine analytically the decay of the edge modes. We show that the decay is exponential for $\ensuremath{\alpha}=\ensuremath{\beta}$ and when the coefficients scaling tunneling and pairing terms are equal. Otherwise, the decay is exponential at sufficiently short distances and then algebraic at the asymptotics. We show that the exponent of the algebraic tail is determined by the smallest exponent between $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ and $\ensuremath{\beta}$. Our predictions are in agreement with numerical results found by exact diagonalization and reported in the literature.
We obtain a formula for the determinant of a block Toeplitz matrix associated with a quadratic fermionic chain with complex coupling. Such couplings break reflection symmetry and/or charge conjugation symmetry. We then apply this formula to compute the R\'enyi entropy of a partial observation to a subsystem consisting of contiguous sites in the limit of large size. The present work generalizes similar results due to Its, Jin, and Korepin [Fields Institute Communications, Universality and Renormalization, Vol. 50, p. 151, 2007] and Its, Mezzadri, and Mo [Commun. Math. Phys. 284, 117 (2008)]. A striking feature of our formula for the entanglement entropy is the appearance of a term scaling with the logarithm of the size. This logarithmic behavior originates from certain discontinuities in the symbol of the block Toeplitz matrix. Equipped with this formula we analyze the entanglement entropy of a Dzyaloshinski-Moriya spin chain and a Kitaev fermionic chain with long-range pairing.
We propose and analyze a generalization of the Kitaev chain for fermions with long-range p-wave pairing, which decays with distance as a power law with exponent α. Using the integrability of the model, we demonstrate the existence of two types of gapped regimes, where correlation functions decay exponentially at short range and algebraically at long range (α > 1) or purely algebraically (α < 1). Most interestingly, along the critical lines, long-range pairing is found to break conformal symmetry for sufficiently small α. This is accompanied by a violation of the area law for the entanglement entropy in large parts of the phase diagram in the presence of a gap and can be detected via the dynamics of entanglement following a quench. Some of these features may be relevant for current experiments with cold atomic ions.