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arXiv:1801.03214 · Discrete and Continuous Dynamical Systems

Scattering and inverse scattering for nonlinear quantum walks

Masaya Maeda, Hironobu Sasaki, Etsuo Segawa, Akito Suzuki, Kanako Suzuki

Published Jan 1, 2018• 25 citations
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Abstract

We study large time behavior of quantum walks (QWs) with self-dependent (nonlinear) coin. In particular, we show scattering and derive the reproducing formula for inverse scattering in the weak nonlinear regime. The proof is based on space-time estimate of (linear) QWs such as dispersive estimates and Strichartz estimate. Such argument is standard in the study of nonlinear Schrödinger equations and discrete nonlinear Schrödinger equations but it seems to be the first time to be applied to QWs.

DOI
10.3934/dcds.2018159

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We study large time behavior of quantum walks (QWs) with self-dependent (nonlinear) coin. In particular, we show scattering and derive the reproducing formula for inverse scattering in the weak nonlinear regime. The proof is based on space-time estimate of (linear) QWs such as dispersive estimates and Strichartz estimate. Such argument is standard in the study of nonlinear Schrödinger equations and discrete nonlinear Schrödinger equations but it seems to be the first time to be applied to QWs.
Abstract We present some numerical results for nonlinear quantum walks (NLQWs) studied by the authors analytically (Maeda et al 2018 Discrete Contin. Dyn. Syst. 38 3687–3703; Maeda et al 2018 Quantum Inf. Process. 17 215). It was shown that if the nonlinearity is weak, then the long time behavior of NLQWs are approximated by linear quantum walks. In this paper, we observe the linear decay of NLQWs for range of nonlinearity wider than studied in (Maeda et al 2018 Discrete Contin. Dyn. Syst. 38 3687–3703). In addition, we treat the strong nonlinear regime and show that the solitonic behavior of solutions appears. There are several kinds of soliton solutions and the dynamics becomes complicated. However, we see that there are some special cases so that we can calculate explicit form of solutions. In order to understand the nonlinear dynamics, we systematically study the collision between soliton solutions. We can find a relationship between our model and a nonlinear differential equation.
In this short note, we study quantum walks (QWs) on one dimensional lattice δZδ\mathbb{Z}δZ. Following Hong-Yang, we prove Strichartz estimates for QWs independent of the lattice width δδδ.
We introduce coined Nonlinear Quantum Walks (NLQW) on the lattice. The NLQW is based on the walker acquisition of non-linear (probability dependent) phases at each step of the walk. The most striking result is the formation of non-dispersive pulses in the probability distribution (soliton-like structures). These exhibit a variety of dynamical behaviors, including ballistic motion, dynamical localization, non-elastic collisions and chaotic behavior, in the sense that the dynamics is very sensitive to the nonlinearity strength.
In this paper, we consider the continuous limit of a nonlinear quantum walk (NLQW) that incorporates a linear quantum walk as a special case. In particular, we rigorously prove that the walker (solution) of the NLQW on a lattice [Formula: see text] uniformly converges (in Sobolev space [Formula: see text]) to the solution to a nonlinear Dirac equation (NLD) on a fixed time interval as [Formula: see text]. Here, to compare the walker defined on [Formula: see text] and the solution to the NLD defined on [Formula: see text], we use Shannon interpolation.
We consider quantum walks with position dependent coin on 1D lattice Z\mathbb{Z}Z. The dispersive estimate ∥UtPcu0∥l∞≲(1+∣t∣)−1/3∥u0∥l1\| U^{t} P_{c} u_0\|_{l^{\infty}} \lesssim (1+|t|)^{-1/3} \|u_0\|_{l^1}∥UtPc​u0​∥l∞​≲(1+∣t∣)−1/3∥u0​∥l1​ is shown under l1,1l^{1,1}l1,1 perturbation for the generic case and l1,2l^{1,2}l1,2 perturbation for the exceptional case, where UUU is the evolution operator of a quantum walk and PcP_{c}Pc​ is the projection to the continuous spectrum. This is an analogous result for Schrödinger operators and discrete Schrödinger operators. The proof is based on the estimate of oscillatory integrals expressed by Jost solutions.