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arXiv:1801.00769 · Physical Review Letters

Quasiparticles in Quantum Spin Chains with Long-Range Interactions

Laurens Vanderstraeten, Maarten Van Damme, Hans Peter Büchler, Frank Verstraete

Published Aug 31, 2018• 57 citations
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Abstract

We study quasiparticle excitations for quantum spin chains with long-range interactions using variational matrix product state techniques. It is confirmed that the local quasiparticle ansatz is able to capture those excitations very accurately, even when the correlation length becomes very large and in the case of topological nontrivial excitation such as spinons. It is demonstrated that the breaking of the Lieb-Robinson bound follows from the appearance of cusps in the dispersion relation, and evidence is given for a crossover between different quasiparticles as the long-range interactions are tuned.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.121.090603

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The nonequilibrium response of a quantum many-body system defines its fundamental transport properties and how initially localized quantum information spreads. However, for long-range-interacting quantum systems little is known. We address this issue by analyzing a local quantum quench in the long-range Ising model in a transverse field, where interactions decay as a variable power law with distance ∝r(-α), α>0. Using complementary numerical and analytical techniques, we identify three dynamical regimes: short-range-like with an emerging light cone for α>2, weakly long range for 1<α<2 without a clear light cone but with a finite propagation speed of almost all excitations, and fully nonlocal for α<1 with instantaneous transmission of correlations. This last regime breaks generalized Lieb-Robinson bounds and thus locality. Numerical calculation of the entanglement spectrum demonstrates that the usual picture of propagating quasiparticles remains valid, allowing an intuitive interpretation of our findings via divergences of quasiparticle velocities. Our results may be tested in state-of-the-art trapped-ion experiments.
A variational ansatz for momentum eigenstates of translation-invariant quantum spin chains is formulated. The matrix product state ansatz works directly in the thermodynamic limit and allows for an efficient implementation (cubic scaling in the bond dimension) of the variational principle. Unlike previous approaches, the ansatz includes topologically nontrivial states (kinks, domain walls) for systems with symmetry breaking. The method is benchmarked using the spin-\textonehalf{} XXZXXZXXZ antiferromagnet and the spin-1 Heisenberg antiferromagnet, and we obtain surprisingly accurate results.
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Understanding the dynamics of many-body systems is crucial for understanding, e.g., thermalization or transmission of information. Nevertheless, little is known in the case of quantum systems with long-range interactions. Here, we analyze the long-range Ising model in a transverse field, where interactions decay as a power-law with distance ∝r−α\propto r^{-\alpha}∝r−α, α>0\alpha>0α>0. Using complementary numerical and analytical techniques, we identify three dynamical regimes: short-range-like with an emerging light cone for α>2\alpha>2α>2; weakly long-range for 1<α<21<\alpha<21<α<2 without a clear light cone but with a finite propagation speed of excitations; and fully non-local for α<1\alpha<1α<1 with instantaneous transmission of correlations. This last regime breaks generalized Lieb--Robinson bounds. Numerical calculation of the entanglement spectrum demonstrates that the usual picture of propagating quasi-particles remains valid for long-range interactions. This allows an intuitive interpretation in terms of qualitative changes to the spin-wave dispersion, leading to diverging quasi-particle velocities in the long-range regime. Our results may be tested in state-of-the-art trapped-ion experiments.