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arXiv:1711.10902 · Physical Review A

One-way quantum computing in superconducting circuits

F. Albarrán-Arriagada, G. Alvarado Barrios, Mikel Sanz, Guillermo Romero, Lucas Lamata, J. C. Retamal, E. Solano

Published Mar 16, 2018• 22 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We propose a method for the implementation of one-way quantum computing in superconducting circuits. Measurement-based quantum computing is a universal quantum computation paradigm in which an initial cluster state provides the quantum resource, while the iteration of sequential measurements and local rotations encodes the quantum algorithm. Up to now, technical constraints have limited a scalable approach to this quantum computing alternative. The initial cluster state can be generated with available controlled-phase gates, while the quantum algorithm makes use of high-fidelity readout and coherent feedforward. With current technology, we estimate that quantum algorithms with above 20 qubits may be implemented in the path toward quantum supremacy. Moreover, we propose an alternative initial state with properties of maximal persistence and maximal connectedness, reducing the required resources of one-way quantum computing protocols.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.97.032320

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•Jul 21, 2016•0 citations
We propose a method for the implementation of one-way quantum computing in superconducting circuits. Measurement-based quantum computing is a universal quantum computation paradigm in which an initial cluster state provides the quantum resource, while the iteration of sequential measurements and local rotations encodes the quantum algorithm. Up to now, technical constraints have limited a scalable approach to this quantum computing alternative. The initial cluster state can be generated with available controlled-phase gates, while the quantum algorithm makes use of high-fidelity readout and coherent feedforward. With current technology, we estimate that quantum algorithms with above 20 qubits may be implemented in the path toward quantum supremacy. Moreover, we propose an alternative initial state with properties of maximal persistence and maximal connectedness, reducing the required resources of one-way quantum computing protocols.
A quantum computer promises efficient processing of certain computational tasks that are intractable with classical computer technology. While basic principles of a quantum computer have been demonstrated in the laboratory, scalability of these systems to a large number of qubits, essential for practical applications such as the Shor algorithm, represents a formidable challenge. Most of the current experiments are designed to implement sequences of highly controlled interactions between selected particles (qubits), thereby following models of a quantum computer as a (sequential) network of quantum logic gates. Here we propose a different model of a scalable quantum computer. In our model, the entire resource for the quantum computation is provided initially in form of a specific entangled state (a so-called cluster state) of a large number of qubits. Information is then written onto the cluster, processed, and read out form the cluster by one-particle measurements only. The entangled state of the cluster thus serves as a universal substrate for any quantum computation. Cluster states can be created efficiently in any system with a quantum Ising-type interaction (at very low temperatures) between two-state particles in a lattice configuration.
The Measurement Based Quantum Computation (MBQC) model achieves universal quantum computation by employing projective single qubit measurements with classical feedforward on a highly entangled multipartite cluster state. Rapid advances in improving scalability of quantum computing systems have enabled the generation of large cluster states for implementing MBQC on various platforms. This review focuses on three such efforts, each utilizing a different quantum computing technology viz., superconducting qubits, trapped ion qubits and squeezed photon states. MBQC is being increasingly employed on optical platforms which can generate large entangled resource states but lack the ability to perform deterministic entangling gates.
Current cloud-based quantum processors offer access to advanced hardware hosted on a remote server, but do not guarantee data or algorithm privacy. Blind quantum computation provides information-theoretic privacy by enabling a client to execute an algorithm without disclosing information about either the task or the final result. Here, we execute a measurement-based blind quantum computation protocol on a superconducting processor comprising two flip-chip-bonded modules, one acting as a server and the other as a client. The server generates a two-dimensional cluster state and forwards it to the client. Using this resource, the client implements a universal gate set with only adaptive single-qubit rotations and measurements. To illustrate this approach, we execute a three-qubit instance of the Deutsch-Jozsa algorithm. We analyze the server's quantum state after each rotation of a measurement-based single-qubit gate to verify that negligible information about the computation is revealed to the server, consistent with the one-way flow of information that guarantees blindness. This proof-of-principle demonstration establishes key elements of blind quantum computation in superconducting-circuit architectures, indicating that intermediate-scale implementations of blind protocols may become feasible with realistic near-term improvements in gate fidelities.
Highly entangled states called cluster states are a universal resource for measurement-based quantum computing (QC). Here we propose an efficient method for producing large cluster states using superconducting quantum circuits. We show that a large cluster state can be efficiently generated in just one step by turning on the interqubit coupling for a short time. Because the interqubit coupling is only switched on during the time interval for generating the cluster state, our approach is also convenient for preparing the initial state for each qubit and for implementing one-way QC via single-qubit measurements. Moreover, the cluster state is robust against parameter variations.
Abstract One-way quantum computation focuses on initially generating an entangled cluster state followed by a sequence of measurements with classical communication of their individual outcomes. Recently, a delayed-measurement approach has been applied to replace classical communication of individual measurement outcomes. In this work, by considering the delayed-measurement approach, we demonstrate a modified one-way CNOT gate using the on-cloud superconducting quantum computing platform: Quafu. The modified protocol for one-way quantum computing requires only three qubits rather than the four used in the standard protocol. Since this modified cluster state decreases the number of physical qubits required to implement one-way computation, both the scalability and complexity of the computing process are improved. Compared to previous work, this modified one-way CNOT gate is superior to the standard one in both fidelity and resource requirements. We have also numerically compared the behavior of standard and modified methods in large-scale one-way quantum computing. Our results suggest that in a noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) era, the modified method shows a significant advantage for one-way quantum computation.
Recently, fault tolerant quantum computation such as surface coding and topological quantum computation has been paid attention to due to high threshold against computational errors compared with that of conventional gate-model quantum computation.These schemes use a two or three-dimensional cluster state as universal resources for quantum computation.We can generate a cluster state by performing controlled-phase gates on an initial state prepared in |+⟩ state, where the control-phase gates are realized by nearest neighbor Ising type interactions.There are many proposal to realize Ising type interaction such as ultracold atoms in an optical lattice, superconducting charge qubits, superconducting spin qubits, resonator wave guides, nitrogen-vacancy centers, and quantum dots.Among many candidates, we especially discuss superconducting flux qubits.Superconducting flux qubits have a strong anharmonicity, so that we can perform high-speed single-qubit rotation with excellent fidelity.Usually, implementation of high-fidelity two-qubit gates is the hardest part for the realization of quantum computation.Two qubit gates require in-situ turn on/off the interaction between qubits by the external control apparatus.Since imperfection of the interaction control tends to induce spatially correlated errors between qubits, sophisticated technology is required to suppress such error rate below the threshold of fault tolerant quantum computation.Up to now, the generation of a large cluster state using solid-state qubit has not been demonstrated in a scalable manner yet.One of the main obstacles is the requirement for independent control of two-qubit gates that are necessary for the scalable quantum information processing.For a superconducting flux qubit, existing method uses applied magnetic field to control the interaction.It is known that the application of magnetic field to local area is difficult.Thus, it is hard to implement local control of the interaction without cross-talk problem where unwanted errors occurs between qubits.Firstly, we propose a novel way to control a number of two-qubit gates independently without using the on/off switching of locally applied magnetic field.Specifically, we assume the superconducting flux qubits that are inductively coupled with each other via always-on Ising interaction.Unlike the previous method to change the interaction strength with unitary operations, we fully make use of non-unitary properties of projective measurements so that we can effectively turn on/off the interaction via quantum feedforward.Also, we show how to generate a two or three-dimensional cluster state that are universal resource for fault tolerant quantum computation with constant stepsize operations.The on/off switching of locally applied magnetic field is not necessary to First of all, I would like to thank my adviser Professor Hiroshi Imai for his valuable comments and continuous support during the last five years.