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arXiv:1711.07247

Quantum limit of hybrid atom-mechanical gyroscope based on electro-magnetically induced transparency

Sankar Davuluri, Yong Li

Published Nov 20, 2017• 0 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Application of hybrid atom-mechanical oscillator for absolute rotation detection is studied. The hybrid atom-mechanical oscillator consists of an atomic cell, filled with three level atoms, which is fixed on a mechanical oscillator. The atom-mechanical oscillator is placed on a rotating table such that the Coriolis force moves the atomic cell with respect to the incoming laser field. Thus the atomic resonance frequencies are Doppler shifted, and the phase of the laser field interacting with the atomic medium changes. Absolute rotation parameters are estimated by measuring the phase change in the laser field at the output of the atomic cell. Large dispersion is created in the atomic medium, using electromagnetically induced transparency, to enhance the phase change in the laser field interacting with the atomic medium. Contribution of the shot noise, the atomic noise and the noise due to the mechanical oscillation of the atomic cell are studied. We show that, under certain conditions, noise due to the mechanical oscillation of the atomic cell is on the same order of magnitude as the shot noise. The quantum limit of detectable rotation rate is estimated as $8.1\times10^{-19}$\,rad/s.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.1711.07247

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Application of hybrid atom-mechanical oscillator for absolute rotation detection is studied. The hybrid atom-mechanical oscillator consists of an atomic cell, filled with three level atoms, which is fixed on a mechanical oscillator. The atom-mechanical oscillator is placed on a rotating table such that the Coriolis force moves the atomic cell with respect to the incoming laser field. Thus the atomic resonance frequencies are Doppler shifted, and the phase of the laser field interacting with the atomic medium changes. Absolute rotation parameters are estimated by measuring the phase change in the laser field at the output of the atomic cell. Large dispersion is created in the atomic medium, using electromagnetically induced transparency, to enhance the phase change in the laser field interacting with the atomic medium. Contribution of the shot noise, the atomic noise and the noise due to the mechanical oscillation of the atomic cell are studied. We show that, under certain conditions, noise due to the mechanical oscillation of the atomic cell is on the same order of magnitude as the shot noise. The quantum limit of detectable rotation rate is estimated as 8.1×10−198.1\times10^{-19}8.1×10−19,rad/s.
We study a hybrid system composed of a three-level atomic ensemble inside an optomechanical cavity. The mechanical oscillator is coupled to the internal state of the atomic ensemble via electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT), created by the intra-cavity field and an off-resonance control laser. The fluctuation in the output-coupled cavity field is fed back to the mechanical oscillator. We use a combination of feedback and EIT-assisted cooling of the oscillator to its quantum ground state and then establish coherent coupling between the oscillator and the atomic spin. The superposition of the atomic state and oscillator is studied in different regimes of optomechanical and light–atom coupling strengths and the conditions for creating a single atom-phonon polaron is identified. We observe coherent superposition of fluctuations in a range of optomechanical and atomic cooperativities.
Abstract We investigate the tunable multicolor optomechanically induced transparency through electro-optical hybrid system. The system consists an optical cavity fulled with three-level atomic ensemble and two charged mechanical oscillators coupled via Coulomb interaction. Under different coupling strengths, the system can exhibit the phenomena of optomechanical induced transparency increase. Specifically, the number of the transparency windows increases with the presence of charged mechanical resonators and atoms. Furthermore, the induced transparency phenomena are strongly manipulated by the coupling strength between the optical mode and the mechanical mode, or between the optical mode and the atoms and the Rabi frequency, or between the Coulomb coupling between the two charged mechanical modes. It is found that the larger coupling strength between the cavity field and the atoms and the mechanical oscillator, the wider transparent windows. Our approach is feasible for storage of light and has potential applications in quantum information processing.
Abstract Atom-based sensing with optical readout is fundamentally limited by photon shot noise. Squeezed light can effectively suppress this noise of optical readout, thereby enabling measurement sensitivities beyond the standard quantum limit, but their application in light–atom hybrid systems is often hindered by absorption losses of atomic medium. Here, we demonstrate the first realization of electromagnetically induced transparency spectrum in a Rydberg-atom system using a squeezed probe field that surpasses the photon shot noise limit. Our theoretical model identifies atomic transit and absorption-induced losses as the primary factors limiting squeezing preservation. Experimentally, we engineer the atomic ensemble as a medium with tunable transmittance by employing Doppler-matched velocity-selective excitation to suppress absorption, achieving a squeezing transmission of 90.4 %\%% % for -1.7 dB squeezed light through a cesium vapor cell. This work is a critical step towards quantum-enhanced Rydberg atom sensors.
Measuring the motion of quantum particles has been playing a significant role in performing high precision inertial sensing and studying fundamental physics.While most of the motion sensing schemes with cold atoms are based on single-particles.In this thesis, a new measuring method of using a collective state of atoms for motion quantum sensing is introduced.Two experiments were demonstrated to investigate its feasibility.One is related to the light-dragging effect in an electromagnetically induced transparent (EIT) cold 85 Rb atomic ensemble.The dragging coefficient F d was enhanced to 1.67 × 10 5 , which was three orders of magnitude better than the previous experiments.With a large enhancement of the dragging effect, we realised an atom-based velocimeter that has a sensitivity of 1 mm/s, which was two orders of magnitude higher than the velocity width of the atomic medium used before.Such a demonstration could pave the way for motion sensing using the collective state of atoms in a room temperature vapour cell or solid-state material.Another experiment is related to the motion sensing in a driven periodic potential.The motion of the atomic ensemble undergoing Bloch oscillation was measured using the light dragging method.In order to have efficient Bloch oscillation of atoms, the first Raman sideband cooling of 85 Rb to pre-cool atomic ensemble close to the recoil temperature (357 nK) was achieved by us.The phase shift measurements showed the linear-like relation to the accelerating time with the data precision 0.00036 rad (0.005 ns, 0.7 mm/s), instead of the stepwise oscillation period τ B .To observe the stepwise motion, it is required to reduce the lattice field intensity and implement the velocity selection technique to select atoms with a narrow velocity width.
We investigate a recently proposed scheme for differential detection of the magneto-optical rotation effect and its application to electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) atomic clocks [Opt. Lett.40, 3703 (2015)OPLEDP0146-959210.1364/OL.40.003703]. This scheme utilizes a linearly polarized bichromatic laser field that is EIT-resonant with alkali atoms. The results of our study reveal that the suppression of the laser noise can substantially improve the signal-to-noise ratio in EIT atomic clocks. Our preliminary results demonstrate an order of magnitude improvement in clock stability under some conditions when incorporating the differential detection scheme.
We investigate a recently proposed scheme for differential detection of the magneto-optical rotation effect and its application to electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) atomic clocks. This scheme utilizes a linearly polarized bichromatic laser field that is EIT-resonant with alkali atoms. The results of our study reveal that the suppression of the laser noise can substantially improve the signal-to-noise ratio in EIT atomic clocks. Our preliminary results demonstrate an order of magnitude improvement in clock stability under some conditions when incorporating the differential detection scheme