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arXiv:1711.07072 · Annals of Physics

Controllable generation of photons and phonons in a coupled Bose–Einstein condensate-optomechanical cavity via the parametric dynamical Casimir effect

Ali Motazedifard, A. Dalafi, M. H. Naderi, R. Roknizadeh

Published Jul 26, 2018• 42 citations
arXivHTMLPDF
DOI
10.1016/j.aop.2018.07.013

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It is a remarkable prediction of quantum field theory that the vacuum can generate real particles when boundary conditions are suddenly changed. Thus the 'dynamical Casimir effect' results in the spontaneous generation of photon pairs in an empty cavity with nonuniformly accelerating boundaries. Recent advances have permitted the realization of this effect, or analogs to it in a variety of systems, some of which will be discussed at this workshop. Bose Einstein condensates are attractive candidates in which to study acoustic analogs to such phenomena because their low temperatures promise to reveal quantum effects. I will discuss a recent experiment in our group to realize an acoustic analog to the dynamical Casimir effect by modulating the confinement of a Bose-Einstein condensate. We observe correlated pairs of Bogoliubov quanta, both phonon-like and particle-like, are excited by this modulation in a process that formally resembles parametric down conversion. I will discuss our current ideas on how to observe and quantify the degree of entanglement in the excitations we observe.
When the mechanical oscillator is initially in an excited state, its free evolution, driven by the dynamical Casimir effect (DCE), leads to the generation of radiation in the vacuum, analogous to the spontaneous emission of an excited atom. In the regime where the loss rates are lower than the corresponding frequency splittings, reversible energy exchange can occur between the excited mechanical oscillator and the vacuum cavity field (i.e., vacuum Casimir-Rabi oscillations). By using the quantum trajectory approach, we show that n -photon/ n -phonon emission can be achieved by opening dissipative channels for these Casimir-Rabi oscillations. Simulation results from 10 5 quantum trajectories demonstrate that the purities of two-photon emission, two-phonon emission, and three-phonon emission can reach 0.92, 0.94, and 0.95, respectively. These values are observed in Casimir-Rabi oscillations between the three-phonon state and the two-photon state in a weak optomechanical coupling. This phenomenon could provide insights into the physical characteristics of photon and phonon emission in the DCE.