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arXiv:1711.02964 · Laser Physics

Tomography of multi-photon polarization states in conditions of non-unit quantum efficiency of detectors

Yu. I. Bogdanov, B. I. Bantysh, Nadezhda A. Bogdanova, Vladimir F. Lukichev

Published Jan 22, 2018• 2 citations
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Abstract

Abstract Polarization multi-photon quantum state tomography with non-unit quantum efficiency of detectors is considered. A new quantum tomography protocol is proposed. This protocol considers the event of losing photons of a multi-photon quantum state in one or more channels among with n -fold coincidence events. The advantage of the proposed protocol compared with the standard n -fold coincidence protocol is demonstrated using methods of statistical analysis.

DOI
10.1088/1555-6611/aa9a9f

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Abstract Polarization multi-photon quantum state tomography with non-unit quantum efficiency of detectors is considered. A new quantum tomography protocol is proposed. This protocol considers the event of losing photons of a multi-photon quantum state in one or more channels among with n -fold coincidence events. The advantage of the proposed protocol compared with the standard n -fold coincidence protocol is demonstrated using methods of statistical analysis.
We propose and demonstrate a method for quantum-state tomography of qudits encoded in the quantum polarization of NNN-photon states. This is achieved by distributing NNN photons nondeterministically into three paths and their subsequent projection, which for N=1N=1N=1 is equivalent to measuring the Stokes (or Pauli) operators. The statistics of the recorded NNN-fold coincidences determines the unknown NNN-photon polarization state uniquely. The proposed, fixed setup manifestly rules out any systematic measurement errors due to moving components and allows for simple switching between tomography of different states, which makes it ideal for adaptive tomography schemes.
Quantum state tomography is used in quantum communication, computing, and cryptography to characterize quantum states enabling assessment and control of quantum systems. Rapidly scaling quantum technologies require fast, accurate, and simple techniques, but current tomography methods are bulky, hard to scale, and slow. To overcome these limitations, we experimentally demonstrate Fourier tomography [1], of single-photon and entangled photon pairs generated by a quantum dot. As shown in Fig. 1(a) for two-photon tomography, the setup consists of a continuously rotating quarter waveplate, a fixed linear polarizer and a single photon detector per qubit. As the waveplates rotates with different speed, we record the coincidences rate between the two detectors. This signal can be expressed as a Fourier series whose coefficients can be related to the polarization state of light. Fig. 1(b) shows the simulated coincidence rate as the waveplate rotates for input Bell states∣Φ+⟩\vert \Phi^{+}\rangle∣Φ+⟩and∣Φ−⟩\left\vert\Phi^{-}\right\rangle∣Φ−⟩. By capturing the coincidences variations as a Fourier series through a single rotating element and fixed polarizer, we simplify the tomography process, providing an accurate, and simple approach suitable for scalable quantum systems.