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arXiv:1711.01203 · Chinese Physics Letters

Heteronuclear Magnetisms with Ultracold Spinor Bosonic Gases in Optical Lattices

Yongqiang Li, Chengkun Xing, Ming Gong, Guang‐Can Guo, Jian‐Min Yuan

Published Jan 23, 2024• 5 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Motivated by recent realizations of spin-1 NaRb mixtures in the experiments [Phys. Rev. Lett. 114, 255301 (2015); Phys. Rev. Lett. 128, 223201 (2022)], we investigate heteronuclear magnetism in the Mott-insulating regime. Different from the identical mixtures where the boson statistics only admits even parity states from angular momentum composition, for heteronuclear atoms in principle all angular momentum states are allowed, which can give rise to new magnetic phases. While various magnetic phases can be developed over these degenerate spaces, the concrete symmetry breaking phases depend on not only the degree of degeneracy but also the competitions from many-body interactions. We unveil these rich phases using the bosonic dynamical mean-field theory approach. These phases are characterized by various orders, including spontaneous magnetization order, spin magnitude order, singlet pairing order, and nematic order, which may coexist specially in the regime with odd parity. Finally we address the possible parameter regimes for observing these spin-ordered Mott phases.

DOI
10.1088/0256-307x/41/2/026701

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Motivated by recent realizations of spin-1 NaRb mixtures in the experiments [Phys. Rev. Lett. 114, 255301 (2015); Phys. Rev. Lett. 128, 223201 (2022)], we investigate heteronuclear magnetism in the Mott-insulating regime. Different from the identical mixtures where the boson statistics only admits even parity states from angular momentum composition, for heteronuclear atoms in principle all angular momentum states are allowed, which can give rise to new magnetic phases. While various magnetic phases can be developed over these degenerate spaces, the concrete symmetry breaking phases depend on not only the degree of degeneracy but also the competitions from many-body interactions. We unveil these rich phases using the bosonic dynamical mean-field theory approach. These phases are characterized by various orders, including spontaneous magnetization order, spin magnitude order, singlet pairing order, and nematic order, which may coexist specially in the regime with odd parity. Finally we address the possible parameter regimes for observing these spin-ordered Mott phases.
We investigate spin-order of ultracold bosons in an optical lattice by means of dynamical mean-field theory. A rich phase diagram with anisotropic magnetic order is found, both for the ground state and at finite temperatures. Within the Mott insulator, a ferromagnetic to antiferromagnetic transition can be tuned using a spin-dependent optical lattice. In addition we find a supersolid phase, in which superfluidity coexists with antiferromagnetic spin order. We present detailed phase diagrams at finite temperature for the experimentally realized heteronuclear 87Rb-41K^{87}\text{R}\text{b-}^{41}\text{K}87Rb-41K mixture in a three-dimensional optical lattice.
We theoretically investigate zero-temperature magnetic ordering of mixtures of spin-1 (alkali-metal atoms) and spin-0 (alkaline-earth-metal atoms) bosons in a three-dimensional optical lattice. With the single-mode approximation for the spin-1 bosons, we obtain an effective Bose-Hubbard model for describing the heteronuclear mixtures in optical lattices. By controlling the interspecies interactions between alkali-metal and alkaline-earth-metal atoms, we map out complete phase diagrams of the system with both positive and negative spin-dependent interactions for spin-1 atoms, based on bosonic dynamical mean-field theory. We find that the spin-1 components feature ferromagnetic and nematic insulating phases, in addition to the superfluid, depending on spin-dependent interactions. Take the spin-1 alkali-metal bosons as spin $\ensuremath{\uparrow}$, and spin-0 alkaline-earth-metal bosons as spin $\ensuremath{\downarrow}$, we observe that the system favors ferromagnetic insulator at filling n=1n=1n=1 and unorder insulator at n=2n=2n=2. Interestingly, we observe a two-step Mott-insulating-superfluid phase transition, as a result of mass imbalance between alkali-metal and alkaline-earth-metal atoms.
Ultracold bosons in optical lattices are one of the few systems where bosonic matter is known to exhibit strong correlations. Here we push the frontier of our understanding of interacting bosons in optical lattices by adding synthetic spin-orbit coupling, and show that new kinds of density- and chiral-orders develop. The competition between the optical lattice period and the spin-orbit coupling length - which can be made comparable in experiments - along with the spin hybridization induced by a transverse field (i.e., Rabi coupling) and interparticle interactions create a rich variety of quantum phases including uniform, non-uniform and phase-separated superfluids, as well as Mott insulators. The spontaneous symmetry breaking phenomena at the transitions between them are explained by a two-order-parameter Ginzburg-Landau model with multiparticle umklapp processes. Finally, in order to characterize each phase, we calculated their experimentally measurable crystal momentum distributions. PACS numbers: 67.85.-d,67.85.Hj,67.85.Fg.
We investigate strongly correlated spin-1 ultracold bosons with antiferromagnetic interactions in a cubic optical lattice, based on bosonic dynamical mean-field theory. Rich phase diagrams of the system are mapped out at both zero and finite temperature, and in particular the existence of a spin-singlet condensate is established. Interestingly, at finite temperature, we find that the superfluid can be heated into a Mott insulator with even (odd) filling via a first- (second-) order phase transition, analogous to the Pomeranchuk effect in 3He^{3}\mathrm{He}3He. Moreover, for typical experimental setups, we estimate the critical temperature (entropy) for different ordered phases and our results suggest that direct experimental observation of these phases is promising.
Abstract Motivated by recent experimental processes, we systemically investigate strongly correlated spin-1 ultracold bosons trapped in a three-dimensional optical lattice in the presence of an external magnetic field. Based on a recently developed bosonic dynamical mean-field theory (BDMFT), we map out complete phase diagrams of the system for both antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic interactions, where various phases are found as a result of the interplay of spin-dependent interaction and quadratic Zeeman energy. For antiferromagnetic interactions, the system demonstrates competing magnetic orders, including nematic, spin-singlet and ferromagnetic insulating phase, depending on longitudinal magnetization, whereas, for ferromagnetic case, a ferromagnetic-to-nematic-insulating phase transition is observed for small quadratic Zeeman energy, and the insulating phase demonstrates the nematic order for large Zeeman energy. Interestingly, at low magnetic field and finite temperature, we find an abnormal multi-step condensation of the strongly correlated superfluid, i.e. the critical condensing temperature of the m F = −1 component with antiferromagnetic interactions demonstrates an increase with longitudinal magnetization, while, for ferromagnetic case, the Zeeman component m F = 0 demonstrates a local minimum for the critical condensing temperature, in contrast to weakly interacting cases.