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arXiv:1710.10154

Can quantum objects be point-like particles?

Alexey Yur'evich Samarin

Published Oct 23, 2017• 0 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

The possible nature of the nonlinear evolution of quantum systems is explored from the point of view of nonlocal effects under the conditions of EPR paradox. It is shown that both stochastic and deterministic mechanisms of nonlocal evolution should consider a quantum particle as a material field in order not to contradict special relativity. It is assumed that there is an experiment allowing to find out which of the mechanisms of nonlinear evolution is realized in nature

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.1710.10154

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The possible nature of the nonlinear evolution of quantum systems is explored from the point of view of nonlocal effects under the conditions of EPR paradox. It is shown that both stochastic and deterministic mechanisms of nonlocal evolution should consider a quantum particle as a material field in order not to contradict special relativity. It is assumed that there is an experiment allowing to find out which of the mechanisms of nonlinear evolution is realized in nature
In 1935 Einstein, Podolsky and Rosen (EPR) pointed out that Quantum Mechanics apparently implied some mysterious, instantaneous action at a distance. This paradox is supposed to be related to the probabilistic nature of the theory, but since deterministic alternatives involving "Hidden Variables" hardly agree with the experiments, the scientific community is now accepting this ``quantum nonlocality" as if it were a reality. However, I have argued recently that Quantum Electrodynamics is free from the EPR paradox, due to an indetermination on the number of the unobserved "soft photons" that can be present in any step of any experiment. Here, I will provide a more general proof, based on an approach to the "problem of measurement" that implies the full reconciliation of Quantum Field Theory with Special Relativity. I will then conclude with some considerations on the interpretation of the Quantum Theory itself.
Eighty years ago Einstein, Podolsky and Rosen demonstrated that instantaneous reduction of wave function, believed to describe completely a pair of entangled physical systems, led to EPR paradox. The paradox disappears in statistical interpretation of quantum mechanics (QM) according to which a wave function describes only an ensemble of identically prepared physical systems. QM predicts strong correlations between outcomes of measurements performed on different members of EPR pairs in far-away locations. Searching for an intuitive explanation of these correlations John Bell analysed so called local realistic hidden variable models and proved that correlations consistent with these models satisfy Bell inequalities which are violated by some predictions of QM and by experimental data. Several different local models were constructed and inequalities proven. Some eminent physicists concluded that Nature is definitely nonlocal and that it is acting according to a law of nonlocal randomness. According to these law perfectly random, but strongly correlated events, can be produced at the same time in far away locations and a local and causal explanation of their occurrence cannot be given. We strongly disagree with this conclusion and we prove the contrary by analysing in detail some influential finite sample proofs of Bell and CHSH inequalities and so called Quantum Randi Challenges. We also show how one can win so called Bell's game without violating locality of Nature. Nonlocal randomness is inconsistent with local quantum field theory, with standard model in elementary particle physics and with causal laws and adaptive dynamics prevailing in the surrounding us world. The experimental violation of Bell-type inequalities does not prove the nonlocality of Nature but it only confirms a contextual character of quantum observables and gives a strong argument against counterfactual definiteness and against a point of view according to which experimental outcomes are produced in irreducible random way.
After a providing a review of the EPR paradox which draws a distinction between what is here called the locality and the in uence paradoxes, this paper presents a qualitative overview of a framework recently introduced by this author in which spacetime is assumed to emerge from areatime. Two key assumptions from this framework allow one to make the notion of quantum e ects originating from `outside' spacetime intelligible. In particular, this framework assumes that until a quantum object is measured, it does not actually exist in spacetime and that there are connections between quantum particles in areatime which are independent of metric relations in spacetime. These assumptions are then shown to permit one to conceptually understand both the locality and the in uence paradoxes, and lead to the overall conclusion that spacetime is emergent in the sense that a very large number of discrete events which correspond to `measurements' in quantum mechanics aggregate to give rise on a large scale to the apparently smooth reality we experience in our daily lives.
Quantum experiments detect particles, but they reveal information about wave properties. No matter how quanta are detected, they always express the local net state of the corresponding wave-function. The mechanism behind this process is still a mystery. However, quantum wave-functions evolve like classical waves. If they determine all the observations, why do they entail "weird" phenomena? In particular, why do they produce conceptual problems, such as the EPR paradox? It turns out that all the major interpretations in quantum mechanics are particle-based ontologies. Variables of fundamental interest, such as momentum and position, are assumed to reflect the input states of discrete entities, even when their evolution is predicted by wave equations. Here I show that a whole class of microscopic phenomena, including entanglement, can be interpreted without contradictions if the variables of quantum mechanics are actually treated as wave properties. The main recommendation is to assume that sharp spectral states are transient outcomes of superposition, rather than permanent input components.