Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

arXiv:1710.06088 · Journal of Physics A Mathematical and Theoretical

Scaling in the vicinity of the four-state Potts fixed point

Henk W. J. Blöte, Wenan Guo, M. P. Nightingale

Published Jun 23, 2017• 6 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Abstract We study a self-dual generalization of the Baxter–Wu model, employing results obtained by transfer matrix calculations of the magnetic scaling dimension and the free energy. While the pure critical Baxter–Wu model displays the critical behavior of the four-state Potts fixed point in two dimensions, in the sense that logarithmic corrections are absent, the introduction of different couplings in the up- and down triangles moves the model away from this fixed point, so that logarithmic corrections appear. Real couplings move the model into the first-order range, away from the behavior displayed by the nearest-neighbor, four-state Potts model. We also use complex couplings, which bring the model in the opposite direction characterized by the same type of logarithmic corrections as present in the four-state Potts model. Our finite-size analysis confirms in detail the existing renormalization theory describing the immediate vicinity of the four-state Potts fixed point.

DOI
10.1088/1751-8121/aa7b53

Related papers

Crossover and universality breaking in the dilute Baxter-Wu model

Anonymous, Alexandros Vasilopoulos, DH Kim +1 more

The critical behavior of the Baxter-Wu model belongs to the universality class of the four-state Potts model. While the introduction of annealed vacancies does not alter the criticality of the four-state Potts model, the dilute Baxter-Wu model has remained the subject of several competing scenarios. Here we investigate the phase diagram of the spin-1 Baxter-Wu model in the presence of a crystal field using transfer-matrix calculations and large-scale Monte Carlo simulations. Our results reveal a systematic evolution of the effective critical behavior with increasing crystal field, accompanied by increasingly strong finite-size corrections near the crossover to the first-order regime. Along the line of continuous transitions, the central charge remains close to c=1, while the scaling dimensions systematically deviate from the spin-1/2 limit as the crystal field increases, consistent with either continuously varying effective critical exponents or a slow crossover between competing critical behaviors. The first-order regime is independently characterized through multicanonical simulations, which confirm the expected finite-size scaling and interfacial behavior. Taken together, our results provide a unified picture of the dilute spin-1 Baxter-Wu model, substantially narrowing the range of possible scenarios for the crossover between continuous and first-order phase transitions.

arXiv:2605.13238•Physical review. E•Jul 21, 2026•1 citation

Phase diagram and critical behavior of the spin-1 Baxter-Wu model with a crystal field

M. L. M. Costa, J. C. Xavier, J. A. Plascak

The phase diagram and critical behavior of the spin-1 Baxter-Wu model with a crystal field in two dimensions is explored by renormalization group, conventional finite-size scaling, and conformal invariance techniques. We found that the phase diagram of this model is qualitatively the same as that of the dilute 4-states Potts model, presenting a multicritical point for a finite value of the crystal field, in disagreement with previous work based on finite-size calculations. However, our results indicate that the critical exponents vary continuously along the second-order transition line, differently from the expected behavior of the dilute 4-states Potts model.

arXiv:cond-mat/0403426•Physical Review B•Mar 15, 2004•15 citations

Two-dimensional dilute Baxter-Wu model: Transition order and universality

A. R. S. Macêdo, Alexandros Vasilopoulos, M. Akritidis +3 more

We investigate the critical behavior of the two-dimensional spin-1 Baxter-Wu model in the presence of a crystal-field coupling Δ with the goal of determining the universality class of transitions along the second-order part of the transition line as one approaches the putative location of the multicritical point. We employ extensive Monte Carlo simulations using two different methodologies: (i) a study of the zeros of the energy probability distribution, closely related to the Fisher zeros of the partition function, and (ii) the well-established multicanonical approach employed to study the probability distribution of the crystal-field energy. A detailed finite-size scaling analysis in the regime of second-order phase transitions in the (Δ,T) phase diagram supports previous claims that the transition belongs to the universality class of the four-state Potts model. For positive values of Δ, we observe the presence of strong finite-size effects, indicative of crossover effects due to the proximity of the first-order part of the transition line. Finally, we demonstrate how a combination of cluster and heat-bath updates allows one to equilibrate larger systems, and we demonstrate the potential of this approach for resolving the ambiguities observed in the regime of Δ≳0.

arXiv:2304.12379•Physical review. E•Aug 25, 2023•6 citations

Universality in the two-dimensional dilute Baxter-Wu model

Alexandros Vasilopoulos, Nikolaos G. Fytas, Erol Vatansever +2 more

We study the question of universality in the two-dimensional spin-1 Baxter-Wu model in the presence of a crystal field Δ. We employ extensive numerical simulations of two types, providing us with complementary results: Wang-Landau sampling at fixed values of Δ and a parallelized variant of the multicanonical approach performed at constant temperature T. A detailed finite-size scaling analysis in the regime of second-order phase transitions in the (Δ,T) phase diagram indicates that the transition belongs to the universality class of the four-state Potts model. Previous controversies with respect to the nature of the transition are discussed and attributed to the presence of strong finite-size effects, especially as one approaches the pentacritical point of the model.

arXiv:2205.01494•Physical review. E•May 25, 2022•2 citations

Finite size scaling analysis of the dilute Baxter-Wu model

Wolfgang Kinzel, Eytan Domany, Amnon Aharony A

The finite size scaling method is used to study the critical properties of the spin-1 Baxter-Wu model as function of the fugacity, z, of the vacant (spin zero) sites. For z=0, the thermal exponent converges very quickly to the (exact) value y t =3/2. For z>0, y t monotonically increases beyond the value 2. This increase is interpreted as indicating a first-order transition. Out of several possible renormalisation group flows, the results seem to favour the one in which the critical Baxter-Wu Hamiltonian flows to the fixed point of the 4-state Potts model, with the amplitude of the marginal operator equal to zero.

Journal of Physics A Mathematical and General•Oct 1, 1981•20 citations

Critical behavior of the spin-1 and spin-3/2 Baxter-Wu model in a crystal field

Daniele Alves Dias, J. C. Xavier, J. A. Plascak

The phase diagram and the critical behavior of the spin-1 and the spin-3/2 two-dimensional Baxter-Wu model in a crystal field are studied by conventional finite-size scaling and conformal invariance theory. The phase diagram of this model, for the spin-1 case, is qualitatively the same as those of the diluted 4-states Potts model and the spin-1 Blume-Capel model. However, for the present case, instead of a tricritical point one has a pentacritical point for a finite value of the crystal field, in disagreement with previous work based on finite-size calculations. On the other hand, for the spin-3/2 case, the phase diagram is much richer and can present, besides a pentacritical point, an additional multicritical end point. Our results also support that the universality class of the critical behavior of the spin-1 and spin-3/2 Baxter-Wu model in a crystal field is the same as the pure Baxter-Wu model, even at the multicritical points.

Physical review. E•Jan 4, 2017•12 citations
Abstract We study a self-dual generalization of the Baxter–Wu model, employing results obtained by transfer matrix calculations of the magnetic scaling dimension and the free energy. While the pure critical Baxter–Wu model displays the critical behavior of the four-state Potts fixed point in two dimensions, in the sense that logarithmic corrections are absent, the introduction of different couplings in the up- and down triangles moves the model away from this fixed point, so that logarithmic corrections appear. Real couplings move the model into the first-order range, away from the behavior displayed by the nearest-neighbor, four-state Potts model. We also use complex couplings, which bring the model in the opposite direction characterized by the same type of logarithmic corrections as present in the four-state Potts model. Our finite-size analysis confirms in detail the existing renormalization theory describing the immediate vicinity of the four-state Potts fixed point.
The critical behavior of the Baxter-Wu model belongs to the universality class of the four-state Potts model. While the introduction of annealed vacancies does not alter the criticality of the four-state Potts model, the dilute Baxter-Wu model has remained the subject of several competing scenarios. Here we investigate the phase diagram of the spin-1 Baxter-Wu model in the presence of a crystal field using transfer-matrix calculations and large-scale Monte Carlo simulations. Our results reveal a systematic evolution of the effective critical behavior with increasing crystal field, accompanied by increasingly strong finite-size corrections near the crossover to the first-order regime. Along the line of continuous transitions, the central charge remains close to c=1, while the scaling dimensions systematically deviate from the spin-1/2 limit as the crystal field increases, consistent with either continuously varying effective critical exponents or a slow crossover between competing critical behaviors. The first-order regime is independently characterized through multicanonical simulations, which confirm the expected finite-size scaling and interfacial behavior. Taken together, our results provide a unified picture of the dilute spin-1 Baxter-Wu model, substantially narrowing the range of possible scenarios for the crossover between continuous and first-order phase transitions.
The phase diagram and critical behavior of the spin-1 Baxter-Wu model with a crystal field in two dimensions is explored by renormalization group, conventional finite-size scaling, and conformal invariance techniques. We found that the phase diagram of this model is qualitatively the same as that of the dilute 4-states Potts model, presenting a multicritical point for a finite value of the crystal field, in disagreement with previous work based on finite-size calculations. However, our results indicate that the critical exponents vary continuously along the second-order transition line, differently from the expected behavior of the dilute 4-states Potts model.
We investigate the critical behavior of the two-dimensional spin-1 Baxter-Wu model in the presence of a crystal-field coupling Δ with the goal of determining the universality class of transitions along the second-order part of the transition line as one approaches the putative location of the multicritical point. We employ extensive Monte Carlo simulations using two different methodologies: (i) a study of the zeros of the energy probability distribution, closely related to the Fisher zeros of the partition function, and (ii) the well-established multicanonical approach employed to study the probability distribution of the crystal-field energy. A detailed finite-size scaling analysis in the regime of second-order phase transitions in the (Δ,T) phase diagram supports previous claims that the transition belongs to the universality class of the four-state Potts model. For positive values of Δ, we observe the presence of strong finite-size effects, indicative of crossover effects due to the proximity of the first-order part of the transition line. Finally, we demonstrate how a combination of cluster and heat-bath updates allows one to equilibrate larger systems, and we demonstrate the potential of this approach for resolving the ambiguities observed in the regime of Δ≳0.
We study the question of universality in the two-dimensional spin-1 Baxter-Wu model in the presence of a crystal field Δ. We employ extensive numerical simulations of two types, providing us with complementary results: Wang-Landau sampling at fixed values of Δ and a parallelized variant of the multicanonical approach performed at constant temperature T. A detailed finite-size scaling analysis in the regime of second-order phase transitions in the (Δ,T) phase diagram indicates that the transition belongs to the universality class of the four-state Potts model. Previous controversies with respect to the nature of the transition are discussed and attributed to the presence of strong finite-size effects, especially as one approaches the pentacritical point of the model.
The finite size scaling method is used to study the critical properties of the spin-1 Baxter-Wu model as function of the fugacity, z, of the vacant (spin zero) sites. For z=0, the thermal exponent converges very quickly to the (exact) value y t =3/2. For z>0, y t monotonically increases beyond the value 2. This increase is interpreted as indicating a first-order transition. Out of several possible renormalisation group flows, the results seem to favour the one in which the critical Baxter-Wu Hamiltonian flows to the fixed point of the 4-state Potts model, with the amplitude of the marginal operator equal to zero.
The phase diagram and the critical behavior of the spin-1 and the spin-3/2 two-dimensional Baxter-Wu model in a crystal field are studied by conventional finite-size scaling and conformal invariance theory. The phase diagram of this model, for the spin-1 case, is qualitatively the same as those of the diluted 4-states Potts model and the spin-1 Blume-Capel model. However, for the present case, instead of a tricritical point one has a pentacritical point for a finite value of the crystal field, in disagreement with previous work based on finite-size calculations. On the other hand, for the spin-3/2 case, the phase diagram is much richer and can present, besides a pentacritical point, an additional multicritical end point. Our results also support that the universality class of the critical behavior of the spin-1 and spin-3/2 Baxter-Wu model in a crystal field is the same as the pure Baxter-Wu model, even at the multicritical points.