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arXiv:1709.02217 · Physical review. B./Physical review. B

Half-metal phases in a quantum wire with modulated spin-orbit interaction

D. C. Cabra, G. L. Rossini, A. Ferraz, G. I. Japaridze, Henrik Johannesson

Published Nov 17, 2017• 4 citations
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Abstract

We propose a spin filter device based on the interplay of a modulated spin-orbit interaction and a uniform external magnetic field acting on a quantum wire. Half-metal phases, where electrons with only a selected spin polarization exhibit ballistic conductance, can be tuned by varying the magnetic field. These half-metal phases are proven to be robust against electron-electron repulsive interactions. Our results arise from a combination of explicit band diagonalization, bosonization techniques, and extensive density matrix renormalization group computations.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.96.205135

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We propose a spin filter device based on the interplay of a modulated spin-orbit interaction and a uniform external magnetic field acting on a quantum wire. Half-metal phases, where electrons with only a selected spin polarization exhibit ballistic conductance, can be tuned by varying the magnetic field. These half-metal phases are proven to be robust against electron-electron repulsive interactions. Our results arise from a combination of explicit band diagonalization, bosonization techniques, and extensive density matrix renormalization group computations.
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We study the renormalization of a single impurity potential in one-dimensional interacting electron systems in the presence of magnetic field. Using the bosonization technique and Bethe ansatz solutions, we determine the renormalization group flow diagram for the amplitudes of scattering of up- and down-spin electrons by the impurity in a quantum wire at low electron density and in the Hubbard model at less than half filling. In the absence of magnetic field the repulsive interactions are known to enhance backscattering and make the impurity potential impenetrable in the low-energy limit. On the contrary, we show that in a strong magnetic field the interaction may suppress the backscattering of majority-spin electrons by the impurity potential in the vicinity of the weak-potential fixed point. This implies that in a certain temperature range the impurity becomes almost transparent for the majority-spin electrons while it is impenetrable for the minority-spin ones. The impurity potential can thus have a strong spin-filtering effect.
We use the technique of bosonization to understand a variety of recent experimental results on the conductivity of a quantum wire. The quantum wire is taken to be a finite-length Luttinger liquid connected on two sides to semi-infinite Fermi liquids through contacts. The contacts are modeled as (short) Luttinger liquids bounded by localized one-body potentials. We use effective actions and the renormalization group to study the effects of electronic interactions within the wire, the length of the wire, finite temperature, and a magnetic field, on the conductivity. We explain the deviations of the conductivity from 2Ne2/h{2Ne}^{2}/h2Ne2/h in wires that are not too short as arising from renormalization effects caused by the repulsive interactions. We also explain the universal conductance corrections observed in different channels at higher temperatures. We study the effects of an external magnetic field on electronic transport through this system and explain why odd and even spin-split bands show different renormalizations from the universal conductance values. We discuss the case of resonant transmission and of the possibility of producing a spin valve that only allows electrons of one value of the spin to go through. We compare our results for the conductance corrections with experimental observations. We also propose an experimental test of our model of the contact regions.