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arXiv:1708.06170 · Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics

Density profiles of two-component Bose–Einstein condensates interacting with a Laguerre–Gaussian beam

Anal Bhowmik, Pradip Kumar Mondal, Sonjoy Majumder, Bimalendu Deb

Published May 18, 2018• 9 citations
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Abstract

Abstract The density profiles of trapped two-component Bose–Einstein condensates (BEC) and its microscopic interaction with Laguerre–Gaussian (LG) beam are studied. We consider the 87 Rb BEC in two hyperfine spin components. The wavelength of the LG beam is assumed to be comparable to the atomic de Broglie wavelength. Competitions between intra- and inter-component interactions produce interesting density structures of the ground state of BEC. We demonstrate vortex–antivortex interference and its dependence on the inter-component interactions and Raman transitions.

DOI
10.1088/1361-6455/aac626

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Abstract The density profiles of trapped two-component Bose–Einstein condensates (BEC) and its microscopic interaction with Laguerre–Gaussian (LG) beam are studied. We consider the 87 Rb BEC in two hyperfine spin components. The wavelength of the LG beam is assumed to be comparable to the atomic de Broglie wavelength. Competitions between intra- and inter-component interactions produce interesting density structures of the ground state of BEC. We demonstrate vortex–antivortex interference and its dependence on the inter-component interactions and Raman transitions.
The density profiles of two component Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) are studied across the trap using the microscopic interaction with Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) beam. We consider 87^{87}87Rb BEC in two hyperfine spin states as components and the wavelength of the LG beam is comparable to the atomic de-Broglie wavelength. Competitions between intra- and inter-component interactions produce interesting density structures of the ground state of BEC. Properties of the BEC components are realized from the estimation of the Rabi frequency of two photon stimulated Raman transition over the inter-coupling strengths. We demonstrate interference of vortex-antivortex in terms of inter-component interactions when both the components are subjected to appropriate Raman transitions.
We present the theory of microscopic interaction of the spin-orbit coupled focused Laguerre-Gaussian beam with the two-component Bose–Einstein condensate , composed of two hyperfine states of 87 Rb in a harmonic trap. We have shown that Raman Rabi frequency distributions over the inter-component coupling identify phase separation coupling strength. A significant enhancement of side-band transitions due to non-paraxial nature of vortex beam is observed for particular values of inter-component coupling around 1.25 and 0.64 in unit of 5.5 nm for 10 5 and 10 6 number of atoms, respectively. The uncertainty in the estimation of these coupling strengths is improved with the focusing angles of the beam. We discuss an experimental scheme to verify this non-paraxial effect on ultra-cold atoms.
We present numerical simulations to unravel the dynamics associated with the creation of a vortex in a Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC), from another nonrotating BEC using two-photon Raman transition with Gaussian (G) and Laguerre–Gaussian (LG) laser pulses. In particular, we consider BEC of Rb atoms at their hyperfine ground states confined in a quasi two dimensional harmonic trap. Optical dipole potentials created by G and LG laser pulses modify the harmonic trap in such a way that density patterns of the condensates during the Raman transition process depend on the sign of the generated vortex. We investigate the role played by the Raman coupling parameter manifested through dimensionless peak Rabi frequency and intercomponent interaction on the dynamics during the population transfer process and on the final population of the rotating condensate. During the Raman transition process, the two BECs tend to have larger overlap with each other for stronger intercomponent interaction strength.
We examine the dynamics associated with the creation of a vortex in a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC), from another nonrotating BEC using two-photon Raman transition with Gaussian (G) and Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) laser pulses. In particular, we consider BEC of Rb atoms at their hyperfine ground states confined in a quasi two dimensional harmonic trap. Optical dipole potentials created by G and LG laser pulses modify the harmonic trap in such a way that density profiles of the condensates during the Raman transition process depend on the sign of the generated vortex. We investigate the role played by the Raman coupling parameter manifested through dimensionless peak Rabi frequency and intercomponent interaction on the dynamics of the population transfer process and on the final population of the rotating condensate. During the Raman transition process, the two BECs tend to have larger overlap with each other for stronger intercomponent interaction strength.
The exchange of orbital angular momentum (OAM) between paraxial optical vortex and a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) of atomic gases is well known. In this paper, we develop a theory for the microscopic interaction between matter and an optical vortex beyond paraxial approximation. We show how superposition of vortex states of BEC can be created with a focused optical vortex. Since the polarization or spin angular momentum (SAM) of the optical field is coupled with OAM of the field, in this case, these angular momenta can be transferred to the internal electronic and external center-of-mass motion of atoms provided both the motions are coupled. We propose a scheme for producing the superposition of matter-wave vortices using Gaussian and a focused Laguerre-Gaussian beam. We study how two-photon Rabi frequencies of stimulated Raman transitions vary with focusing angles for different combinations of OAM and SAM of optical states. We demonstrate the formation of vortex-antivortex structure and discuss interference of three vortex states in a BEC.
We examine the use of Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) laser beams in the tripod scheme to create the coupling between spin and orbital angular momentum in a Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) confined by a harmonic trap. We derive and solve the Gross-Pitaeskii equation numerically to obtain the density distribution of the BEC. Orbital angular momentum from the LG beam is transferred to the BEC, inducing the formation of a giant vortex at the BEC’s centre. The macroscopic flow of spinor BEC around the vortex leads to a persistent spin current in the BEC.