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arXiv:1707.08034

Evidence for nonlocality and nontemporality of a single photon

A. Driessen

Published Jul 25, 2017• 0 citations
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Abstract

An analysis of the energy exchange by photons is presented based on single-photon Gedanken experiments and the Heisenberg uncertainty principle. Excluding hidden variable properties of a single photon one has to accept that the total photon trajectory undergoes causal influences from the final state separated in time and space from the initial state: nonlocality and nontemporality.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.1707.08034

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An analysis of the energy exchange by photons is presented based on single-photon Gedanken experiments and the Heisenberg uncertainty principle. Excluding hidden variable properties of a single photon one has to accept that the total photon trajectory undergoes causal influences from the final state separated in time and space from the initial state: nonlocality and nontemporality.
Within the framework of Aristotelian philosophy, the author presents an analysis of the exchange of energy by photons. These massless particles exhibit the most pronounced quantum behavior and pose serious challenges to classical physics. The arguments are based on the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle and a number of Gedanken experiments on single photons. For illustration, experimental and numerical work on optical microresonators is discussed. These allow to assess the validity of Maxwell’s equations and to verify some of the Gedanken experiments. As a result of the discussion, one has to accept that the photon trajectory is causally influenced by the final state, which is separated in time and space from the initial state: non-locality and non-temporality.
Within the framework of Aristotelian philosophy, the author presents an analysis of the exchange of energy by photons. These massless particles exhibit the most pronounced quantum behavior, posing serious challenges to classical physics. The arguments are based on the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle and several Gedanken experiments involving single photons. For illustration, experimental and numerical work on optical microresonators is discussed. These allow for the assessment of the validity of Maxwell’s equations and the verification of some of the Gedanken experiments. As a result of the discussion, one must accept that the photon trajectory is causally influenced by the final state, which is separated in time and space from the initial state, exhibiting non-locality and non-temporality.
The meaning and scope of a recent type of uncertainty relation of a very general character are elucidated using the notions of time-indicating dynamical variables (clock variables) and place-indicating dynamical variables (position variables). It is shown that if the total energy (momentum) of a system is certain, all time-indicating (place-indicating) dynamical variables are completely uncertain. The quantum clock is discussed as an illustration of the energy–time uncertainty relation. The relations can be successfully applied to the thought experiments that Einstein introduced into his debate with Bohr about the uncertainty principle(s) and, in particular, to the famous photon-box experiment. It is shown that due to this general relation the photon box can never serve its purpose, independent of the details of the experiment.
In the book the idea of irreversibility as an inherent property of time is developed theoretically and experimentally. The matter is related with causality, and the method of causal analysis is presented. The quantum causal analysis helps understand the principle of week causality which admits extraction of information from the future without the classical paradoxes. It implies a possibility of observation of the future as the existing reality. So, the acceptance of time irreversibility leads to a striking manifestation of reversibility – signaling in reverse time. Quantum insight allows considering correlations of the distant irreversible processes as nonlocal ones originated from a macroscopic entanglement. The experimental approach to study of macroscopic nonlocality is discussed, and design of the experimental setup is described. The results of experiments on macroscopic nonlocal correlations, the signals in reverse time and their application to the forecast of large-scale random processes are expounded.