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arXiv:1706.09698 · Physical Review A

Transmission of near-resonant light through a dense slab of cold atoms

Laura Corman, Jean-Loup Ville, R. Saint-Jalm, Monika Aidelsburger, Tom Bienaimé, Sylvain Nascimbène, Jean Dalibard, J. Beugnon

Published Nov 27, 2017• 78 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

A dense cloud of rubidium atoms is employed to study the optical properties of randomly positioned, resonant scatterers, where a blueshift of the resonance line is observed as a signature of the strongly correlated regime due to dipole-dipole interactions.
DOI
10.1103/physreva.96.053629

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We study the emergence of collective scattering in the presence of dipole-dipole interactions when we illuminate a cold cloud of rubidium atoms with a near-resonant and weak intensity laser. The size of the atomic sample is comparable to the wavelength of light. When we gradually increase the number of atoms from 1 to ~450, we observe a broadening of the line, a small redshift and, consistently with these, a strong suppression of the scattered light with respect to the noninteracting atom case. We compare our data to numerical simulations of the optical response, which include the internal level structure of the atoms.
Light propagation in disordered media is a fundamental and important problem in optics and photonics. In particular, engineering light-matter interaction in disordered cold atomic ensembles is one of the central topics in modern quantum and atomic optics. The collective response of dense atomic gases under light excitation, which crucially depends on the spatial distribution of atoms and the geometry of the ensemble, has important impacts on quantum technologies like quantum sensors, atomic clocks and quantum information storage. Here we analyze near-resonant light transmission in two-dimensional dense ultracold atomic ensembles with short-range positional correlations. Based on the coupled-dipole simulations under different atom number densities and correlation lengths, we show that the collective effects are strongly influenced by those positional correlations, manifested as significant shifts and broadening or narrowing of transmission resonance lines. We also analyze the eigenstate distribution of different atomic ensembles. This work may provide profound implications on collective and cooperative effects in cold atomic ensembles as well as the study of mesoscopic physics concerning light transport in strongly scattering disorder media.