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arXiv:1706.04562 · Physical Review Letters

Quantifying Genuine Multipartite Correlations and their Pattern Complexity

Davide Girolami, Tommaso Tufarelli, Cristian E. Susa

Published Oct 6, 2017• 34 citations
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Abstract

We propose an information-theoretic framework to quantify multipartite correlations in classical and quantum systems, answering questions such as what is the amount of seven-partite correlations in a given state of ten particles? We identify measures of genuine multipartite correlations, i.e., statistical dependencies that cannot be ascribed to bipartite correlations, satisfying a set of desirable properties. Inspired by ideas developed in complexity science, we then introduce the concept of weaving to classify states that display different correlation patterns, but cannot be distinguished by correlation measures. The weaving of a state is defined as the weighted sum of correlations of every order. Weaving measures are good descriptors of the complexity of correlation structures in multipartite systems.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.119.140505

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We propose an information-theoretic framework to quantify multipartite correlations in classical and quantum systems, answering questions such as what is the amount of seven-partite correlations in a given state of ten particles? We identify measures of genuine multipartite correlations, i.e., statistical dependencies that cannot be ascribed to bipartite correlations, satisfying a set of desirable properties. Inspired by ideas developed in complexity science, we then introduce the concept of weaving to classify states that display different correlation patterns, but cannot be distinguished by correlation measures. The weaving of a state is defined as the weighted sum of correlations of every order. Weaving measures are good descriptors of the complexity of correlation structures in multipartite systems.
A lot of research has been done on multipartite correlations, but the problem of satisfactorily defining genuine multipartite correlations---those not trivially reducible to lower partite correlations---remains unsolved. In this paper we propose three reasonable postulates which each measure or indicator of genuine multipartite correlations (or genuine multipartite entanglement) should satisfy. We also introduce the concept of degree of correlations, which gives partial characterization of multipartite correlations. Then, we show that covariance does not satisfy two postulates and hence it cannot be used as an indicator of genuine multipartite correlations. Finally, we propose a candidate for a measure of genuine multipartite correlations based on the work that can be drawn from a local heat bath by means of a multipartite state.
A thorough understanding of the structure of correlations in multipartite systems is essential for the success of most quantum information processing applications. The problem, however, quickly becomes nontrivial as the size of the multipartition increases. With this motivation in mind, in this paper, we put forth a detailed study of genuine multipartite correlations in the Dicke model of superradiance. We compute all genuine kkk-partite correlations for Dicke states with arbitrary excitations and use these results to characterize the evolution of multipartite correlations during the superradiant dynamics. Nontrivial effects in the way correlations in Dicke states are distributed between the multiple parts are found, showing strong finite-size effects. We also employ the concept of weaving to classify how multipartite correlations scale with the number of particles in the system.
Abstract Quantifying genuine entanglement is a crucial task in quantum information theory. In this work, we give an approach of constituting genuine m -partite entanglement measures from any bipartite entanglement and any k -partite entanglement measure, 3 ⩽ k < m . In addition, as a complement to the three-qubit concurrence triangle proposed in ( Phys. Rev. Lett. 127 040403), we show that the triangle relation is also valid for any continuous entanglement measure and system with any dimension. We also discuss the tetrahedron structure for the four-partite system via the triangle relation associated with tripartite and bipartite entanglement respectively. For multipartite system that contains more than four parties, there is no symmetric geometric structure as that of tri- and four-partite cases.
Multipartite entanglement determines the strength and range of interactions in many-body quantum systems. Yet, it is hard to evaluate it, due to the complex structures of quantum states. Here, we introduce a generic method to quantify the k <= N-partite entanglement of an N-particle system, by maximizing an arbitrary bipartite entanglement measure within subsystems of size up to k. The resulting classification of multipartite states captures their experimental cost: creating a k-partite entangled state requires at least k-1 two-particle entangling gates. Further, we analytically calculate the newly defined k-partite entanglement of formation, which generalizes an important bipartite entanglement measure, in several classes of states, including the W states of any dimension.
Quantum coherence and distributed correlations among subparties are often considered as separate, although operationally linked to each other, properties of a quantum state. Here, we propose a measure able to quantify the contributions derived by both the tensor structure of the multipartite Hilbert space and the presence of coherence inside each of the subparties. Our results hold for any number of partitions of the Hilbert space. Within this unified framework, global coherence of the state is identified as the ingredient responsible for the presence of distributed quantum correlations, while local coherence also contributes to the quantumness of the state. A new quantifier, the "hookup", is introduced within such a framework. We also provide a simple physical interpretation, in terms of coherence, of the difference between total correlations and the sum of classical and quantum correlations obtained using relative-entropy-based quantifiers.