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arXiv:1706.03076 · Physical Review A

One-dimensional repulsive Fermi gas in a tunable periodic potential

Sebastiano Pilati, Luca Barbiero, Rosario Fazio, Luca Dell’Anna

Published Aug 18, 2017• 9 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

By using unbiased continuous-space quantum Monte Carlo simulations, we investigate the ground-state properties of a one-dimensional repulsive Fermi gas subjected to a commensurate periodic optical lattice (OL) of arbitrary intensity. The equation of state and the magnetic structure factor are determined as a function of the interaction strength and of the OL intensity. In the weak OL limit, Yang's theory for the energy of a homogeneous Fermi gas [C.-N. Yang, Phys. Rev. Lett. 19, 1312 (1967)] is recovered. In the opposite limit (deep OL), we analyze the convergence to the Lieb-Wu theory for the Hubbard model [E. H. Lieb and F. Y. Wu, Phys. Rev. Lett. 20, 1445 (1968)], comparing two approaches to map the continuous space to the discrete-lattice model: The first is based on (noninteracting) Wannier functions and the second effectively takes into account strong-interaction effects within a parabolic approximation of the OL wells. We find that strong antiferromagnetic correlations emerge in deep OLs and also in very shallow OLs if the interaction strength approaches the Tonks-Girardeau limit. In deep OLs we find quantitative agreement with density-matrix renormalization-group calculations for the Hubbard model. The spatial decay of the antiferromagnetic correlations is consistent with quasi-long-range order even in shallow OLs, in agreement with previous theories for the half-filled Hubbard model.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.96.021601

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By using unbiased continuous-space quantum Monte Carlo simulations, we investigate the ground-state properties of a one-dimensional repulsive Fermi gas subjected to a commensurate periodic optical lattice (OL) of arbitrary intensity. The equation of state and the magnetic structure factor are determined as a function of the interaction strength and of the OL intensity. In the weak OL limit, Yang's theory for the energy of a homogeneous Fermi gas [C.-N. Yang, Phys. Rev. Lett. 19, 1312 (1967)] is recovered. In the opposite limit (deep OL), we analyze the convergence to the Lieb-Wu theory for the Hubbard model [E. H. Lieb and F. Y. Wu, Phys. Rev. Lett. 20, 1445 (1968)], comparing two approaches to map the continuous space to the discrete-lattice model: The first is based on (noninteracting) Wannier functions and the second effectively takes into account strong-interaction effects within a parabolic approximation of the OL wells. We find that strong antiferromagnetic correlations emerge in deep OLs and also in very shallow OLs if the interaction strength approaches the Tonks-Girardeau limit. In deep OLs we find quantitative agreement with density-matrix renormalization-group calculations for the Hubbard model. The spatial decay of the antiferromagnetic correlations is consistent with quasi-long-range order even in shallow OLs, in agreement with previous theories for the half-filled Hubbard model.
The dynamics of a one-dimensional two-component Fermi gas in the presence of a quasiperiodic optical lattice (OL) is investigated by means of a density functional theory approach. Inspired by the protocol implemented in recent cold-atom experiments---designed to identify the many-body localization transition---we analyze the relaxation of an initially prepared imbalance between the occupation number of odd and of even sites. For quasidisorder strength beyond the Anderson localization transition, the imbalance survives for long times, indicating the inability of the system to reach local equilibrium. The late-time value of the imbalance diminishes for increasing interaction strength. Close to the critical quasidisorder strength corresponding to the noninteracting (Anderson) transition, the interacting system displays an extremely slow relaxation dynamics, consistent with subdiffusive behavior. The amplitude of the imbalance fluctuations around its running average is found to decrease with time, and such damping is more effective with increasing interaction strengths. While our study addresses the setup with two equally intense OLs, very similar effects due to interactions have been observed also in recent cold-atom experiments performed in the tight-binding regime, i.e., where one of the two OLs is very deep and the other is much weaker.
Using continuous-space quantum Monte Carlo methods, we investigate the zero-temperature ferromagnetic behavior of a two-component repulsive Fermi gas under the influence of periodic potentials that describe the effect of a simple-cubic optical lattice. Simulations are performed with balanced and with imbalanced components, including the case of a single impurity immersed in a polarized Fermi sea (repulsive polaron). For an intermediate density below half filling, we locate the transitions between the paramagnetic, and the partially and fully ferromagnetic phases. As the intensity of the optical lattice increases, the ferromagnetic instability takes place at weaker interactions, indicating a possible route to observe ferromagnetism in experiments performed with ultracold atoms. We compare our findings with previous predictions based on the standard computational method used in material science, namely density functional theory, and with results based on tight-binding models.
We report large scale determinant quantum Monte Carlo calculations of the effective bandwidth, momentum distribution, and magnetic correlations of the square lattice fermion Hubbard Hamiltonian at half-filling. The sharp Fermi surface of the noninteracting limit is significantly broadened by the electronic correlations but retains signatures of the approach to the edges of the first Brillouin zone as the density increases. Finite-size scaling of simulations on large lattices allows us to extract the interaction dependence of the antiferromagnetic order parameter, exhibiting its evolution from weak-coupling to the strong-coupling Heisenberg limit. Our lattices provide improved resolution of the Green's function in momentum space, allowing a more quantitative comparison with time-of-flight optical lattice experiments.
We study the phase diagram of the two-dimensional repulsive Hubbard model with spin-dependent anisotropic hopping at half filling. The system develops Ising antiferromagnetic long-range order already at infinitesimal repulsive interaction strength in the ground state. Outside the perturbative regime, unbiased predictions for the critical temperatures of the Ising antiferromagnet are made for representative interaction values by a variety of state-of-the-art quantum Monte Carlo methods, including the diagrammatic Monte Carlo, continuous-time determinantal Monte Carlo, and path-integral Monte Carlo methods. Our findings are relevant to ultracold atom experiments in the ppp orbital or with spin-dependent optical lattices.
We investigate the zero-temperature metal-insulator transition in a one-dimensional two-component Fermi gas in the presence of a quasiperiodic potential resulting from the superposition of two optical lattices of equal intensity but incommensurate periods. A mobility edge separating (low-energy) Anderson localized and (high-energy) extended single-particle states appears in this continuous-space model beyond a critical intensity of the quasiperiodic potential. To discern the metallic phase from the insulating phase in the interacting many-fermion system, we employ unbiased quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) simulations combined with the many-particle localization length familiar from the modern theory of the insulating state. In the noninteracting limit, the critical optical-lattice intensity for the metal-insulator transition predicted by the QMC simulations coincides with the Anderson localization transition of the single-particle eigenstates. We show that weak repulsive interactions induce a shift of this critical point towards larger intensities, meaning that repulsion favors metallic behavior. This shift appears to be linear in the interaction parameter, suggesting that even infinitesimal interactions can affect the position of the critical point.
We analyze the repulsive fermionic Hubbard model on square and cubic lattices with spin imbalance and in the presence of a parabolic confinement. We analyze the magnetic structure as a function of the repulsive interaction strength and polarization. In the first part of the article, we perform unrestricted Hartree-Fock calculations for the two-dimensional (2D) case and find that above a critical interaction strength Uc{U}_{c}Uc​ the system turns ferromagnetic at the edge of the trap, which is in agreement with the ferromagnetic Stoner instability of a homogeneous system away from half-filling. For U<UcU<{U}_{c}U<Uc​, we find a canted antiferromagnetic structure in the Mott region in the center and a partially polarized compressible edge. The antiferromagnetic order in the Mott plateau is perpendicular to the direction of the imbalance. In this regime, the same qualitative behavior is expected for 2D and three-dimensional (3D) systems. In the second part of the article, we give a general discussion of magnetic structures above Uc{U}_{c}Uc​. We argue that spin conservation leads to nontrivial textures, both in the ferromagnetic polarization at the edge and for the N\'eel order in the Mott plateau. We discuss differences in magnetic structures for 2D and 3D cases.