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arXiv:1706.01373 · New Journal of Physics

Miscible–immiscible transition and nonequilibrium scaling in two-component driven open condensate wires

Liang He, Sebastian Diehl

Published Sep 26, 2017• 3 citations
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Abstract

We investigate the steady state phase diagram of two-component driven open condensates (DOCs) in one dimension. We identify a miscible–immiscible transition which is predominantly driven by gapped density fluctuations and occurs upon increasing the inter-component dissipative coupling. Below the transition in the miscible phase, we find the effective long wavelength dynamics to be described by a two-component Kardar–Parisi–Zhang (KPZ) equation that belongs to the nonequilibrium universality class of the one-dimensional single-component KPZ equation at generic choices of parameters. Our results are relevant for different experimental realizations for two-component DOCs in exciton–polariton systems.

DOI
10.1088/1367-2630/aa8f0f

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We investigate the steady state phase diagram of two-component driven open condensates (DOCs) in one dimension. We identify a miscible–immiscible transition which is predominantly driven by gapped density fluctuations and occurs upon increasing the inter-component dissipative coupling. Below the transition in the miscible phase, we find the effective long wavelength dynamics to be described by a two-component Kardar–Parisi–Zhang (KPZ) equation that belongs to the nonequilibrium universality class of the one-dimensional single-component KPZ equation at generic choices of parameters. Our results are relevant for different experimental realizations for two-component DOCs in exciton–polariton systems.
We investigate the steady state phase diagram of two-component driven open condensates (DOCs) in one dimension. We identify amiscible-immiscible transition which is predominantly driven by gapped density fluctuations and occurs upon increasing the inter-component dissipative coupling. Below the transition in the miscible phase, we find the effective long wavelength dynamics to be described by a two-component Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) equation that belongs to the nonequilibrium universality class of the one-dimensional single-component KPZ equation at generic choices of parameters. Our results are relevant for different experimental realizations for two-component DOCs in exciton-polariton systems.
In bosonic gases at thermal equilibrium, an external quadratic drive can induce a Bose-Einstein condensation described by the Ising transition, as a consequence of the explicitly broken U(1) phase rotation symmetry down to Z_{2}. However, in physical realizations such as exciton polaritons and nonlinear photonic lattices, thermal equilibrium is lost and the state is rather determined by a balance between losses and external drive. A fundamental question is then how nonequilibrium fluctuations affect this transition. Here, we show that in a two-dimensional driven-dissipative Bose system the Ising phase is suppressed and replaced by a nonequilibrium phase featuring Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) physics. Its emergence is rooted in a U(1)-symmetry restoration mechanism enabled by the strong fluctuations in reduced dimensionality. Moreover, we show that the presence of the quadratic drive term enhances the visibility of the KPZ scaling, compared to two-dimensional U(1)-symmetric gases, where it has remained so far elusive.
Bose-Einstein condensates of photons in dye filled microcavities are known to feature many properties of the ideal bose gas at thermal equilibrium. Nevertheless, the finite photon life time renders them driven dissipative systems where losses are balanced by continuous driving by a pump laser. We show here with simulations based on a classical field model that their driven-dissipative nature causes their first order coherence to feature Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) scaling, a phenomenon well known in the related condensates of exciton-polaritons. Remarkably, we find that the KPZ scaling even occurs in a regime with large density fluctuations. We discuss the modification of the scaling by the occupation of excited states and how to recover the universal scaling behavior by spectral filtering.
In bosonic gases at thermal equilibrium, an external quadratic drive can induce a Bose-Einstein condensation described by the Ising transition, as a consequence of the explicitly broken U(1) phase rotation symmetry down to Z(2). However, in physical realizations such as exciton polaritons and nonlinear photonic lattices, thermal equilibrium is lost and the state is rather determined by a balance between losses and external drive. A fundamental question is then how nonequilibrium fluctuations affect this transition. Here, we show that in a two-dimensional driven-dissipative Bose system the Ising phase is suppressed and replaced by a nonequilibrium phase featuring Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) physics. Its emergence is rooted in a U(1)-symmetry restoration mechanism enabled by the strong fluctuations in reduced dimensionality. Moreover, we show that the presence of the quadratic drive term enhances the visibility of the KPZ scaling, compared to two-dimensional U(1)-symmetric gases, where it has remained so far elusive.
We elucidate the universal spatiotemporal scaling properties of the time-dependent correlation functions in a class of two-component one-dimensional (1D) driven diffusive system that consists of two coupled asymmetric exclusion processes. By using a perturbative renormalization group framework, we show that the relevant scaling exponents have values same as those for the 1D Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) equation. We connect these universal scaling exponents with the symmetries of the model equations. We thus establish that these models belong to the 1D KPZ universality class.