Parafermion modes are non-Abelian anyons which were introduced as
ZN generalizations of
Z2 Majorana states. In particular,
Z3 parafermions can be used to produce Fibonacci anyons, laying a path towards universal topological quantum computation. Due to their fractional nature, much of the theoretical work on
Z3 parafermions has relied on bosonization methods or parafermionic quasiparticles. In this paper, we introduce a representation of
Z3 parafermions in terms of purely fermionic models. We establish the equivalency of a family of lattice fermionic models written in the basis of the $t\ensuremath{-}J$ model with a Kitaev-like chain supporting free
Z3 parafermionic modes at its ends. By using density matrix renormalization group calculations, we are able to characterize the topological phase transition and study the effect of local operators (doping and magnetic fields) on the spatial localization of the parafermionic modes and their stability. Moreover, we discuss the necessary ingredients towards realizing
Z3 parafermions in strongly interacting electronic systems.
The 40-year-old Calogero-Sutherland (CS) model remains a source of inspirations for understanding 1d interacting fermions. At
β=1,or0, the CS model describes a free non-relativistic fermion, or boson theory, while for generic
β, the system can be interpreted either as interacting fermions or bosons, or free anyons depending on the context. However, we shall show in this letter that the fermionic picture is advantageous in diagonalizing the CS Hamiltonian. Comparing to the previously known multi-integral representation or the Dunkl operator formalism for the CS wave functions, our method depends on the (upper or lower) triangular nature of the fermion interaction, which is resolved in perturbation theory of the second quantized form. The eigenstate is constructed from a multiplet of unperturbed states and the perturbation is of finite order. The full construction is a similarity transformation from the free fermion theory, in the same spirit as the Landau Fermi liquid theory and the 1d Luttinger liquid theory. That means quasi-particles or anyons can be represented in terms of free fermion modes (or bosonic modes via bosonization). The method is applicable to other (higher than one space dimension) systems for which the adiabatic theorem applies.