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arXiv:1705.09817

Optimization of Measurement Device Independent Scarani-Acìn-Ribordy-Gisin protocol

C. Tannous, J. Langlois

Published May 27, 2017• 0 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

The measurement device independent (MDI) Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is a practically implementable method for transmitting secret keys between respective partners performing quantum communication. SARG04 (Scarani-Acìn-Ribordy-Gisin 2004) is a protocol tailored to struggle against photon number splitting (PNS) attacks by eavesdroppers and its MDI-QKD version is reviewed and optimized from secret key bitrate versus communication distance point of view. We consider the effect of several important factors such as error correction function, dark counting parameter and quantum efficiency in order to achieve the largest key bitrate versus longest communication distance.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.1705.09817

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The measurement device independent (MDI) Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is a practically implementable method for transmitting secret keys between respective partners performing quantum communication. SARG04 (Scarani-Acìn-Ribordy-Gisin 2004) is a protocol tailored to struggle against photon number splitting (PNS) attacks by eavesdroppers and its MDI-QKD version is reviewed and optimized from secret key bitrate versus communication distance point of view. We consider the effect of several important factors such as error correction function, dark counting parameter and quantum efficiency in order to achieve the largest key bitrate versus longest communication distance.
The measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (MDI QKD) was proposed to make BB84 completely free from any side-channel in detectors. Like in prepare & measure QKD, the use of other protocols in MDI setting would be advantageous in some practical situations. In this paper, we consider SARG04 protocol in MDI setting. The prepare & measure SARG04 is proven to be able to generate a key up to two-photon emission events. In MDI setting we show that the key generation is possible from the event with single or two-photon emission by a party and single-photon emission by the other party, but the two-photon emission event by both parties cannot contribute to the key generation. On the contrary to prepare & measure SARG04 protocol where the experimental setup is exactly the same as BB84, the measurement setup for SARG04 in MDI setting cannot be the same as that for BB84 since the measurement setup for BB84 in MDI setting induces too many bit errors. To overcome this problem, we propose two alternative experimental setups, and we simulate the resulting key rate. Our study highlights the requirements that MDI QKD poses on us regarding with the implementation of a variety of QKD protocols.
Abstract Quantum key distribution is a practically implementable cryptographic communication methodology from the hardware and software point of view. It is an information‐theoretic secure method for transmitting keys to remote partners practicing quantum communication. After examining various protocols from the most basic on, BBM92, DPSK, SARG04 and MDI (Measurement Device Independent) protocols are described in view of targeting the longest possible communication distance with the highest secret key bitrate. How any protocol can be optimized with respect to distance is discussed by analyzing the various steps impacting hardware and software that are developed, starting from the underlying assumptions proper to every protocol and ending with the corresponding performance in each case.
Quantum Key Distribution is a practically implementable information-theoretic secure method for transmitting keys to remote partners performing quantum communication. After examining various protocols from the simplest such as QC and BB84 we move on to describe BBM92, DPSK, SARG04 and finally MDI from the largest possible communication distance and highest secret key bitrate. We discuss how any protocol can be optimized by reviewing the various steps and underlying assumptions proper to every protocol with the corresponding consequence in each case.
This report reviews two quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols: the BB84 protocol and the measurement device independent (MDI) QKD protocol. The goal of this report is to recreate the security proof of the BB84 protocol, to generate the secret key rate for a practical application of the BB84 protocol, both with and without decoy states, and to review the MDI-QKD protocol and look at the advantages it has for practical QKD. The proof security of the BB84 protocol is done by designing an equivalent theoretical protocol and proving its security by bounding the information of the eavesdropper to an exponentially small number. The best distance over which secret key rate can be generated with the practical model of the BB84 protocol that is presented in this report, is 165 km. This is achieved by employing decoy states and is more than three times as far as the model can achieve without decoy states, which gave a distance of 52 km at best. The zero distance key rate of the model with decoy states is R = 1.21 · 10-2 bits per pulse (bpp), at best. This is an order of magnitude larger than R =1.02 · 10-3 bpp, which is what the model without decoy states could produce. The decoy state method is therefore an improvement for practical QKD. By reviewing the MDI-QKD protocol it can be concluded that because it eliminates the measurement device side channels, it is very useful for practical QKD, since it makes security analysis simpler and more precise. It also necessarily employs decoy states, which improves the secret key rate. MDI-QKD therefore is a promising protocol to use for future quantum communications.
The Scarani-Acin-Ribordy-Gisin 2004 (SARG04) protocol was proposed by V. Scarani et al. In this paper, the performance of SARG04 protocols utilizing weak coherent state (WCS) and heralded single photon source (HSPS) are investigated, and the influence of decoy-state idea on SARG04 protocol is analyzed. Furthermore, the choice of optimal signal intensity for SARG04 protocol is discussed and the condition that the optimal signal intensity satisfies is obtained. The simulation and analysis results show that SARG04 protocol with WCS has the best key generation rate and transmission distance (88 km) comparing with SARG04 protocol with HSPS, BB84 protocol with WCS or HSPS. The decoy state method can substantially prolong the secure distance of SARG04 protocol to 165 km with WCS and 173 km with HSPS, and the performance of decoy-state SARG04 protocol is better than that of decoy-state BB84 protocol. The decoy state method weakens the dependence of the optimal signal intensity on the overall transmission probability.
Measurement device independent quantum key distribution (MDI-QKD) is a promising method for realistic quantum communication which could remove all the side-channel attacks from the imperfections of the devices. Here in this study, we theoretically analyzed the performance of the MDI-QKD system. The asymptotic case rate with the increment of the transmission distance at different polarization misalignment, background count rate and intensity is calculated respectively. The result may provide important parameters for practical application of quantum communications.