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arXiv:1705.02785 · Scientific Reports

Avoiding disentanglement of multipartite entangled optical beams with a correlated noisy channel

Xiaowei Deng, Caixing Tian, Xiaolong Su, Changde Xie

Published Mar 15, 2017• 17 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

A quantum communication network can be constructed by distributing a multipartite entangled state to space-separated nodes. Entangled optical beams with highest flying speed and measurable brightness can be used as carriers to convey information in quantum communication networks. Losses and noises existing in real communication channels will reduce or even totally destroy entanglement. The phenomenon of disentanglement will result in the complete failure of quantum communication. Here, we present the experimental demonstrations on the disentanglement and the entanglement revival of tripartite entangled optical beams used in a quantum network. We experimentally demonstrate that symmetric tripartite entangled optical beams are robust in pure lossy but noiseless channels. In a noisy channel, the excess noise will lead to the disentanglement and the destroyed entanglement can be revived by the use of a correlated noisy channel (non-Markovian environment). The presented results provide useful technical references for establishing quantum networks.

DOI
10.1038/srep44475

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A quantum communication network can be constructed by distributing a multipartite entangled state to space-separated nodes. Entangled optical beams with highest flying speed and measurable brightness can be used as carriers to convey information in quantum communication networks. Losses and noises existing in real communication channels will reduce or even totally destroy entanglement. The phenomenon of disentanglement will result in the complete failure of quantum communication. Here, we present the experimental demonstrations on the disentanglement and the entanglement revival of tripartite entangled optical beams used in a quantum network. We experimentally demonstrate that symmetric tripartite entangled optical beams are robust in pure lossy but noiseless channels. In a noisy channel, the excess noise will lead to the disentanglement and the destroyed entanglement can be revived by the use of a correlated noisy channel (non-Markovian environment). The presented results provide useful technical references for establishing quantum networks.
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Squeezed state can increase the signal-to-noise ratio in quantum communication and quantum measurement. However, losses and noises existing in real communication channels will reduce or even totally destroy the squeezing. The phenomenon of disappearance of the squeezing will result in the failure of quantum communication. In this letter, we present the experimental demonstrations on the disappearance and revival of the squeezing in quantum communication with squeezed state. The experimental results show that the squeezed light is robust (squeezing never disappears) in a pure lossy but noiseless channel. While in a noisy channel, the excess noise will lead to the disappearance of the squeezing, and the squeezing can be revived by the use of a correlated noisy channel (non-Markovian environment). The channel capacity of quantum communication is increased after the squeezing is revived. The presented results provide useful technical references for quantum communication with squeezed light.
The task of protecting quantum entanglement is crucial for quantum communication. Conventionally, correlated noise correction requires an electro-optic modulation process, which limits the application of such correction schemes in constructing broadband quantum communication. Here, we experimentally demonstrate a scheme of all-optical entanglement recovery in a correlated noisy channel without electro-optic modulation. In our scheme, the correlated noisy channel is enabled by an Einstein−Podolsky−Rosen entangled state, a low-noise parametric amplifier, and a beam splitter, thereby avoiding electro-optic conversion. Quantum entanglement is destroyed after one half of the quantum entangled state passes through the noisy channel. Such quantum entanglement can be recovered in the auxiliary noisy channel which shares correlated noise with the noisy channel. Our results pave the way for deterministically implementing all-optical quantum secure communication.
Multipartite entanglement serves as an essential resource for constructing quantum networks and makes it possible to realize multi-user quantum information protocols outperforming their classical counterparts. Unfortunately, multipartite entanglement is fragile when distributed in complex environments. Therefore, it is urgent to address the issue of multipartite entanglement decoherence caused by complex environments. Here we demonstrate the self-healing of multipartite continuous-variable (CV) entanglement after an obstruction. In our experiment, the tripartite entanglement destroyed by the obstruction-introduced noise and loss can self-heal after free-space propagation of a certain distance due to the self-healing property of a Bessel–Gaussian (BG) beam. We show that the BG beam provides a more robust mode basis for free-space CV quantum entanglement distribution than the widely used fundamental Gaussian beam under similar conditions. In addition, we also demonstrate the self-healing of five sets of tripartite entanglement and 10 sets of bipartite entanglement in orbital-angular-momentum-multiplexed optical quantum networks. Our results pave the way for constructing obstruction-tolerant high-capacity CV optical quantum networks.
Entanglement is essential to many quantum information applications, but it is easily destroyed by quantum decoherence arising from interaction with the environment. We report the first experimental demonstration of an entanglement-based protocol that is resilient to loss and noise which destroy entanglement. Specifically, despite channel noise 8.3 dB beyond the threshold for entanglement breaking, eavesdropping-immune communication is achieved between Alice and Bob when an entangled source is used, but no such immunity is obtainable when their source is classical. The results prove that entanglement can be utilized beneficially in lossy and noisy situations, i.e., in practical scenarios.