arXiv:1705.01855 · Journal of Modern Optics

Four-wave mixing in a non-degenerate four-level diamond configuration in the hyperfine Paschen–Back regime

D. J. Whiting, Renju S. Mathew, James Keaveney, Charles S. Adams, Ifan G. Hughes

Published Sep 25, 2017• 42 citations

Abstract

We present an experimental study of seeded four-wave mixing (4WM) using a diamond excitation scheme (with states from the 5S1/2,5P1/2,5P3/2 and 5D3/2 terms) in a thermal vapour of 87Rb atoms. We investigate the 4WM spectra under the application of a strong magnetic field (0.6 T). The Zeeman interaction is strong enough to realize the hyperfine Paschen–Back regime, which has the effect of separating the optical transitions by more than the Doppler width, thereby significantly simplifying the spectral features. We show that this facilitates a quantitative comparison, even in the regime of strong dressing, between experimental data and a simple theoretical model based only on four-level optical Bloch equations.

DOI: 10.1080/09500340.2017.1377308

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arXiv:1705.01855 · Journal of Modern Optics

Four-wave mixing in a non-degenerate four-level diamond configuration in the hyperfine Paschen–Back regime

D. J. Whiting, Renju S. Mathew, James Keaveney, Charles S. Adams, Ifan G. Hughes

Published Sep 25, 2017• 42 citations

arXiv HTML PDF

Abstract

DOI: 10.1080/09500340.2017.1377308

Related papers

Four-wave mixing in the hyperfine Paschen-Back regime

Daniel J. Whiting, Renju S. Mathew, James Keaveney +2 more

We present an experimental study of seeded four-wave mixing (4WM) using a diamond excitation scheme (with states from the 5S $_{1/2}$ , 5P $_{1/2}$ , 5P $_{3/2}$ and 5D $_{1/2}$ terms) in a thermal vapour of $^{87}$ Rb atoms. We investigate the 4WM spectra under the application of a strong magnetic field (0.6 T). The Zeeman interaction is strong enough to realise the hyperfine Paschen-Back regime, which has the effect of separating the optical transitions by more than the Doppler width, thereby significantly simplifying the spectral features. We show that this facilitates a quantitative comparison, even in the regime of strong dressing, between experimental data and a simple theoretical model based only on four-level optical Bloch equations.We present an experimental study of seeded four-wave mixing (4WM) using a diamond excitation scheme (with states from the 5S$_{1/2}$, 5P$_{1/2}$, 5P$_{3/2}$ and 5D$_{1/2}$ terms) in a thermal vapour of $^{87}$Rb atoms. We investigate the 4WM spectra under the application of a strong magnetic field (0.6 T). The Zeeman interaction is strong enough to realise the hyperfine Paschen-Back regime, which has the effect of separating the optical transitions by more than the Doppler width, thereby significantly simplifying the spectral features. We show that this facilitates a quantitative comparison, even in the regime of strong dressing, between experimental data and a simple theoretical model based only on four-level optical Bloch equations.

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Here we report on measurements of the absolute absorption and dispersion properties of an isotopically pure 87Rb vapour for magnetic fields up to and including 0.6 T. We discuss the various regimes that arise when the hyperfine and Zeeman interactions have different magnitudes, and show that we enter the hyperfine Paschen–Back regime for fields greater than 0.33 T on the Rb D2 line. The experiment uses a compact 1 mm3 microfabricated vapour cell that makes it easy to maintain a uniform and large magnetic field with a small and inexpensive magnet. We find excellent agreement between the experimental results and numerical calculations of the weak probe susceptibility where the line positions and strengths are calculated by matrix diagonalization.Here we report on measurements of the absolute absorption and dispersion properties of an isotopically pure 87Rb vapour for magnetic fields up to and including 0.6 T. We discuss the various regimes that arise when the hyperfine and Zeeman interactions have different magnitudes, and show that we enter the hyperfine Paschen–Back regime for fields greater than 0.33 T on the Rb D2 line. The experiment uses a compact 1 mm3 microfabricated vapour cell that makes it easy to maintain a uniform and large magnetic field with a small and inexpensive magnet. We find excellent agreement between the experimental results and numerical calculations of the weak probe susceptibility where the line positions and strengths are calculated by matrix diagonalization.

Nov 14, 201244 citations

We present an experimental study of seeded four-wave mixing (4WM) using a diamond excitation scheme (with states from the 5S

_{1/2}

, 5P

_{1/2}

, 5P

_{3/2}

and 5D

_{1/2}

terms) in a thermal vapour of

^{87}

Rb atoms. We investigate the 4WM spectra under the application of a strong magnetic field (0.6 T). The Zeeman interaction is strong enough to realise the hyperfine Paschen-Back regime, which has the effect of separating the optical transitions by more than the Doppler width, thereby significantly simplifying the spectral features. We show that this facilitates a quantitative comparison, even in the regime of strong dressing, between experimental data and a simple theoretical model based only on four-level optical Bloch equations.

We present investigations of nonlinear optical phenomena using a

^{87}

Rb thermal vapour in a high magnetic field. The magnetic field (of strength 0.6~T) separates the optical transitions by more than their Doppler-broadened linewidths. This technique provides a high level of control over thermal-vapour systems, which can be used as a simpler alternative to conventional state-preparation methods such as optical pumping. Using this approach, we study electromagnetically induced transparency in a non-degenerate 3-level ladder system. Finding excellent agreement with the numerically modelled transmission spectra, we are able to directly infer the dipole moment of the 5P$_{3/2}\to

5D

_{5/2}$ transition

|\langle5P_{3/2}||er||5D_{5/2}\rangle|= (2.27\pm0.002_{\rm stat}\pm0.04_{\rm syst})~ea_{0}

. Changing the coupling field to a standing-wave geometry, we observe resonant enhanced absorption: an effect that previously had only been observed in systems involving 4 or more atomic states. We also consider four-wave mixing (FWM) in a diamond level-scheme. Compared to the zero magnetic field case, we find good agreement with the FWM spectra using a simple model, even in the regime of strong laser dressing. Finally, we investigate heralded single-photon generation by spontaneous FWM. With strong laser dressing we observe the appearance of collective quantum beats, a single-photon interference effect due to the relative motion of atoms in a collective spin excitation. A violation of the Cauchy-Schwarz inequality by 6.7 standard deviations is reported.

5{\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}}^{2}{S}_{1/2},5{\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}}^{2}{P}_{3/2},5{\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}}^{2}{D}_{3/2}

, and

5{\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}}^{2}{P}_{1/2}

levels of rubidium 85. Treating the multilevel atomic system as a combination of many four-level systems we are able to express the nonlinear susceptibility of a thermal ensemble in a low-intensity regime in terms of Voigt-type profiles and obtain an excellent conformity of theory and experiment within this complex system. The agreement is also satisfactory at high intensity and the analytical model correctly predicts the positions and shapes of resonances. Our results elucidate the physics of coherent interaction of light with atoms involving higher excited levels in vapors at room temperature, which is used in an increasing range of applications.