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arXiv:1704.08837 · Physical Review X

Quantum Spin Lenses in Atomic Arrays

A. W. Glaetzle, K. Ender, D. S. Wild, Soonwon Choi, H. Pichler, Mikhail D. Lukin, P. Zoller

Published Sep 20, 2017• 18 citations
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Abstract

In quantum computing, atomic ensembles can efficiently map ``flying'' photonic qubits onto stationary qubits. These absorbed photons, however, end up encoded in delocalized states that preclude local processing. A new concept called a ``quantum spin lens'' could focus delocalized excitations onto a single atom, which can then be manipulated using standard quantum computing tools.

DOI
10.1103/physrevx.7.031049

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In quantum computing, atomic ensembles can efficiently map flying'' photonic qubits onto stationary qubits. These absorbed photons, however, end up encoded in delocalized states that preclude local processing. A new concept called a quantum spin lens'' could focus delocalized excitations onto a single atom, which can then be manipulated using standard quantum computing tools.
We propose and discuss quantum spin lenses, where quantum states of delocalized spin excitations in an atomic medium are focused in space in a coherent quantum process down to (essentially) single atoms.These can be employed to create controlled interactions in a quantum light-matter interface, where photonic qubits stored in an atomic ensemble are mapped to a quantum register represented by single atoms.We propose Hamiltonians for quantum spin lenses as inhomogeneous spin models on lattices, which can be realized with Rydberg atoms in 1D, 2D, and 3D, and with strings of trapped ions.We discuss both linear and nonlinear quantum spin lenses: in a nonlinear lens, repulsive spin-spin interactions lead to focusing dynamics conditional to the number of spin excitations.This allows the mapping of quantum superpositions of delocalized spin excitations to superpositions of spatial spin patterns, which can be addressed by light fields and manipulated.Finally, we propose multifocal quantum spin lenses as a way to generate and distribute entanglement between distant atoms in an atomic lattice array.
A prerequisite for the realization of quantum networks is a coherent interface between flying and stationary qubits. So far, most of these interfaces have been based on the exchange of information between photons and collective atomic excitations. A promising alternative is the development of an interface between single photons and a single atom, employing an optical cavity to achieve sufficient coupling strength. This approach has fundamental advantages, as it allows for the individual manipulation of the atomic qubit and the implementation of a heralding scheme based on quantum non-demolition (QND) measurements of the atomic state.
Atomic ensembles, comprising clouds of atoms addressed by laser fields, provide an attractive system for both the storage of quantum information and the coherent conversion of quantum information between atomic and optical degrees of freedom. We describe a scheme for full-scale quantum computing with atomic ensembles, in which qubits are encoded in symmetric collective excitations of many atoms. We consider the most important sources of error—imperfect exciton–photon coupling and photon losses—and demonstrate that the scheme is extremely robust against these processes: the required photon emission and collection efficiency threshold is ≳86%. Our scheme uses similar methods to those already demonstrated experimentally in the context of quantum repeater schemes and yet has information processing capabilities far beyond those proposals.
Scalable and efficient quantum computation with photonic qubits requires (i) deterministic sources of single photons, (ii) giant nonlinearities capable of entangling pairs of photons, and (iii) reliable single-photon detectors. In addition, an optical quantum computer would need a robust reversible photon storage device. Here we discuss several related techniques, based on the coherent manipulation of atomic ensembles in the regime of electromagnetically induced transparency, that are capable of implementing all of the above prerequisites for deterministic optical quantum computation with single photons.