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arXiv:1704.04949 · Physical Review A

Fingering instabilities and pattern formation in a two-component dipolar Bose-Einstein condensate

Kui-Tian Xi, Tim Byrnes, Hiroki Saito

Published Feb 16, 2018• 32 citations
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Abstract

Fingering instabilities and pattern formation are studied at the interface of an oppositely polarized two-component Bose-Einstein condensate with strong dipole-dipole interactions in three dimensions. It is shown that the rotational symmetry is spontaneously broken by fingering instability when the dipole-dipole interactions are strengthened.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.97.023625

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Fingering instabilities and pattern formation are studied at the interface of an oppositely polarized two-component Bose-Einstein condensate with strong dipole-dipole interactions in three dimensions. It is shown that the rotational symmetry is spontaneously broken by fingering instability when the dipole-dipole interactions are strengthened.
It is shown that the interface in a two-component Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) with a dipole-dipole interaction spontaneously develops patterns similar to those formed in a ferrofluid. Hexagonal, labyrinthine, solitonlike structures, and hysteretic behavior are numerically demonstrated. Superflow is found to circulate around the hexagonal pattern at rest, offering evidence of supersolidity. The system sustains persistent current with a vortex line pinned by the hexagonal pattern. These phenomena may be realized using a 52Cr BEC.
Three-component Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) offer a rich platform for exploring inquisitive quantum phenomena. We investigate the Rayleigh-Taylor instability at the two interfaces in a phase-separated three-component BEC in the mean-field framework. The instability in the system can be instigated in various ways owing to the versatility of the three-component system and the subsequent dynamics for certain cases has been studied in detail. We also study the impact of immiscibility of the intermediate component on the onset of instability in the system. The rotational symmetry of the system breaks when the atom-atom interaction is tuned in such a way that the interface between the components becomes unstable giving rise to nonlinear patterns of mushroom shapes which grow exponentially with time. We identify these nonlinear patterns as the solutions of the angular Mathieu equation, representing the normal modes.
The possibility of effectively inverting the sign of the dipole-dipole interaction, by fast rotation of the dipole polarization, is examined within a harmonically trapped dipolar Bose-Einstein condensate. Our analysis is based on the stationary states in the Thomas-Fermi limit, in the corotating frame, as well as direct numerical simulations in the Thomas-Fermi regime, explicitly accounting for the rotating polarization. The condensate is found to be inherently unstable due to the dynamical instability of collective modes. This ultimately prevents the realization of robust and long-lived rotationally tuned states. Our findings have major implications for experimentally accessing this regime.
The possibility of effectively inverting the sign of the dipole-dipole interaction, by fast rotation of the dipole polarization, is examined within a harmonically trapped dipolar Bose-Einstein condensate. Our analysis is based on the stationary states in the Thomas-Fermi limit, in the corotating frame, as well as direct numerical simulations in the Thomas-Fermi regime, explicitly accounting for the rotating polarization. The condensate is found to be inherently unstable due to the dynamical instability of collective modes. This ultimately prevents the realization of robust and long-lived rotationally tuned states. Our findings have major implications for experimentally accessing this regime.