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arXiv:1704.03714

Quantum scattering with time-decaying harmonic oscillators

Masaki Kawamoto

Published Apr 12, 2017• 5 citations
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Abstract

By controlling coefficients and decaying order of time-decaying harmonic potentials, the velocity of a quantum particle is decelerated by the effect of harmonic potentials but the particle is non-trapping. In this paper, we consider the quantum system with controlled harmonic potentials. By defining the wave operators for this system and suitable range of these, we can prove the existence and completeness of wave operators with respect to the short-range potentials $V(t,x)$ satisfying $|V(t,x)| = o ((1+|x|)^{-1/(1- λ)})$, for some $λ$, $0< λ< 1/2$.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.1704.03714

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By controlling coefficients and decaying order of time-decaying harmonic potentials, the velocity of a quantum particle is decelerated by the effect of harmonic potentials but the particle is non-trapping. Deceleration makes the threshold between the short-range class of potentials and long range class of potentials 1/(1−λ)1/(1- \lambda)1/(1−λ) for some 0<λ<1/20 < \lambda < 1/20<λ<1/2, where λ\lambdaλ is determined by the mass of particle and coefficients of harmonic potentials. In this paper, we consider the quantum system with controlled harmonic potentials. By defining the wave operators for this system and suitable range of these, we prove the existence and completeness of wave operators with respect to such short-range potentials.
In the framework of the ordinary non-relativistic quantum mechanics, it is known that a quantum particle in a rapidly oscillating bound potential with vanishing time average can be scattered off or even trapped owing to the phenomenon of dynamical (Kapitza) stabilization. A similar phenomenon occurs for scattering and trapping of optical waves. Such a remarkable result stems from the fact that, even though the particle is not able to follow the rapid external oscillations of the potential, these are still able to affect the average dynamics by means of an effective —albeit small— nonvanishing potential contribution. Here we consider the scattering and dynamical stabilization problem for matter or classical waves by a bound potential with oscillating ac amplitude f ( t ) in the framework of a non-Hermitian extension of the Schrödinger equation, and predict that for a wide class of imaginary amplitude modulations f ( t ) possessing a one-sided Fourier spectrum, the oscillating potential is effectively canceled, i.e. , it does not have any effect on the particle dynamics, contrary to what happens in the Hermitian case.
Configuration space properties of the scattering operator and time delay for potentials decaying like ∣χ∣−α, α>1\vert \chi \vert^{-\alpha}, \, \alpha > 1∣χ∣−α,α>1
The time-delay in a simple quantum mechanical scattering process is defined to be the limit as r → ∞ of the difference of the sojourn times of a scattering state and of the associated free state in a ball of radius r, with the particle under the influence of a potential W(x). For W(x)∼|x| #75α (α>1) at infinity, we use a smooth localization function with the tail growing like r 1#75δ (δ > 0, depending on W) instead of the characteristic function of a ball of radius r and it is shown that the time-delay exists and satisfies the Eisenbud-Wigner relation
We prove an almost sure existence of the modified wave operators for a class of Schrödinger operators with random long range potentials. The assumed decay of potential at infinity places it beyond the threshold of the standard class of long range potentials as described in the work of Buslaev-Matveev, Alsholm-Kato, and Hörmander. We develop an approach to quantum scattering which relies on averaging of potential over classical random trajectories. We also establish classical scattering for corresponding classical hamiltonians.
In quantum physics the free particle and the harmonically trapped particle are arguably the most important systems a physicist needs to know about. It is little known that, mathematically, they are one and the same. This knowledge helps us to understand either from the viewpoint of the other. Here we show that all general time-dependent solutions of the free-particle Schrödinger equation can be mapped to solutions of the Schrödinger equation for harmonic potentials, both the trapping oscillator and the inverted “oscillator”. This map is fully invertible and therefore induces an isomorphism between both types of system, they are equivalent. A composition of the map and its inverse allows us to map from one harmonic oscillator to another with a different spring constant and different center position. The map is independent of the state of the system, consisting only of a coordinate transformation and multiplication by a form factor, and can be chosen such that the state is identical in both systems at one point in time. This transition point in time can be chosen freely, the wave function of the particle evolving in time in one system before the transition point can therefore be linked up smoothly with the wave function for the other system and its future evolution after the transition point. Such a cut-and-paste procedure allows us to describe the instantaneous changes of the environment a particle finds itself in. Transitions from free to trapped systems, between harmonic traps of different spring constants or center positions, or, from harmonic binding to repulsive harmonic potentials are straightforwardly modelled. This includes some time-dependent harmonic potentials. The mappings introduced here are computationally more efficient than either state-projection or harmonic oscillator propagator techniques conventionally employed when describing instantaneous (non-adiabatic) changes of a quantum particle’s environment.