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arXiv:1703.01123

Semiclassical expansion of the Bethe scalar products in the XXZ spin chain

Constantin Babenko

Published Mar 3, 2017• 2 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

In this note we adress the problem of performing the semiclassical expansion of the scalar product of Bethe states in the case of the XXZ spin chain. Our approach closely follows the one developped in [1]: after expressing the scalar products in terms of a central quantity - the B functional, we reinterpret it as a grand partition function of a gas of particles with pairwise interaction potential. This work has been done as part of the author's master thesis under the supervision of Ivan Kostov and Didina Serban at Institut de Physique Théorique (CEA Saclay) in September 2015 - February 2016, and present a consice summary of the results obtained at that time.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.1703.01123

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In this note we adress the problem of performing the semiclassical expansion of the scalar product of Bethe states in the case of the XXZ spin chain. Our approach closely follows the one developped in [1]: after expressing the scalar products in terms of a central quantity - the B functional, we reinterpret it as a grand partition function of a gas of particles with pairwise interaction potential. This work has been done as part of the author's master thesis under the supervision of Ivan Kostov and Didina Serban at Institut de Physique Théorique (CEA Saclay) in September 2015 - February 2016, and present a consice summary of the results obtained at that time.
We study the scalar products between Bethe states in the XXZ spin chain with anisotropy |Δ| > 1 in the semi-classical limit where the length of the spin chain and the number of magnons tend to infinity with their ratio kept finite and fixed. Our method is a natural yet non-trivial generalization of similar methods developed for the XXX spin chain. The final result can be written in a compact form as a contour integral in terms of Faddeev’s quantum dilogarithm function, which in the isotropic limit reduces to the classical dilogarithm function.
Abstract We calculate the scalar product of Bethe states of the XXZ spin- 1 2 chain with general integrable boundary conditions. The off-shell equations satisfied by the transfer matrix and the off-shell Bethe vectors allow one to derive a linear system for the scalar product of off-shell and on-shell Bethe states. We show that this linear system can be solved in terms of a compact determinant formula that involves the Jacobian of the transfer matrix eigenvalue and certain q -Pochhammer polynomials of the boundary couplings.
Integrable models are physical models for which some quantities can be exactly obtained, without use of perturbation theory. Those very special models are source of an increasing interest in theoretical physics. The direct applications in condensed matter physics and the subtle links evidenced more recently with some supersymmetric gauges theories motivated the development of complex mathematical tools. Among these, Bethe ansatz played an important role, and provides an efficient approach for diagonalizing a lot of models of various nature. The first chapter of this thesis is devoted to the introduction to the two approaches of the Bethe ansatz, said “coordinate” and “algebraic”, in the context of the XXX Heisenberg spin chain and a continuous spin generalization of the Totally Asymmetric Simple Exclusion Process, the so called Zero-range Chipping model with factorized steady state (ZCM). The second chapter is devoted to the Modified Algebraic Bethe Ansatz in the context of the periodic XXX chain. This modified ansatz is proposed for solving the spectral problem of the open spin chain, for which the usual ansatz fails. The scalar product of the obtained modified Bethe states is studied. The third chapter concerns the resolution of the identity and the inverse functional problem. An expression for the spin states in terms of Bethe states est presented for the ZCM, and an expression for the resolution of the identity in term of Bethe states for the infinite XXZ chain is proved, involving in both cases the contribution of bound states. At last, the fourth chapter concerns determinant representations in the Bethe ansatz. An expression for the “matrix elements of the particle number operator” for the delta-Bose gas in terms of a determinant is proved, and some integral representations for the Izergin-Korepin and Slavnov determinants are investigated, then establishing a new formal link between these two determinant representations.
Abstract In our previous paper (Kitanine et al 2017 J. Phys. A: Math. Theor . 50 224001) we have obtained, for the XXX spin-1/2 Heisenberg open chain, new determinant representations for the scalar products of separate states in the quantum separation of variables (SoV) framework. In this article we perform a similar study in a more complicated case: the XXZ open spin-1/2 chain with the most general integrable boundary terms. We first revisit the SoV solution of this model using a matrix version of the Vertex-IRF gauge transformation so as to reduce one of the boundary K -matrices to a diagonal form. As usual within the SoV approach, the scalar products of separate states are computed in terms of dressed Vandermonde determinants having an intricate dependency on the inhomogeneity parameters. We show that these determinants can be transformed into different ones in which the homogeneous limit can be taken straightforwardly. These representations generalize in a non-trivial manner to the trigonometric case the expressions found previously in the rational case. We also show that generically all scalar products can be expressed in a form which is similar to—although more cumbersome than—the well-known Slavnov determinant representation for the scalar products of the Bethe states of the periodic chain. Considering a special choice of the boundary parameters relevant in the thermodynamic limit to describe the half infinite chain with a general boundary, we particularize these representations to the case of one of the two states being an eigenstate. We obtain simplified formulas that should be of direct use to compute the form factors and correlation functions of this model.
The scalar products, form factors, and correlation functions of the XXZ spin chain with a twisted (or antiperiodic) boundary condition are obtained based on the inhomogeneous T–Q relation and the Bethe states constructed via the off-diagonal Bethe ansatz. It is shown that the scalar product of two off-shell Bethe states, the form factors, and the two-point correlation functions can be expressed as the summation of certain determinants. The corresponding homogeneous limits are studied. The results are also checked by the numerical calculations.