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arXiv:1703.00813

Physics of Cold Atomic Fermi Gases

Е. A. Ayryan, K. G. Petrosyan, Ashot H. Gevorgyan, N. Sh. Izmailian, Koryun B. Oganesyan

Published Feb 16, 2017• 2 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We consider a cold two-species atomic Fermi gas confined in a trap. We combine the Hermitian coupling between the states (we assume them to be the states with different spins) with the Cooper pairing of atoms with these different spins. This opens up a new prospect for investigation of interplay between various phenomena involving Raman coupling (e.g., atom lasers, dark-state polaritons) and effects caused by Cooper pairing of particles (e.g., superfluidity). We have obtained a threshold of transition from oscillatory to amplifying behavior of matter waves.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.1703.00813

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We consider a cold two-species atomic Fermi gas confined in a trap. We combine the Hermitian coupling between the states (we assume them to be the states with different spins) with the Cooper pairing of atoms with these different spins. This opens up a new prospect for investigation of interplay between various phenomena involving Raman coupling (e.g., atom lasers, dark-state polaritons) and effects caused by Cooper pairing of particles (e.g., superfluidity). We have obtained a threshold of transition from oscillatory to amplifying behavior of matter waves.
We consider a cold two-species atomic Fermi gas confined in a trap. We combine the Hainan coupling between the states (we assume them to be the states with different spins) with the Cooper pairing of atoms with these different spins. This opens up a new prospect for investigation of interplay between various phenomena involving Raman coupling (e.g., atom lasers, dark-state polaritons) and effects caused by Cooper pairing of particles (e.g., superfluidity). We have obtained a threshold of transition from oscillatory to amplifying behavior of matter waves.
Ultracold atom experiments offer the unique opportunity to study mixing of different types of superfluid states. Our interest is in superfluid mixtures comprising of particles with different statistics---Bose and Fermi. Such scenarios occur naturally, for example, in dense quantum chromodynamics (QCD) matter. Interestingly, cold atomic experiments are performed in traps with finite spatial extent, thus critically destabilizing the occurrence of various homogeneous phases. Critical to this analysis is the understanding that the trapped system can undergo phase separation, resulting in a unique situation where phase transition in either species (bosons or fermions) can overlap with the phase separation between possible phases. In the present work, we illustrate how this intriguing interplay manifests in an interacting two-species atomic mixture---one bosonic and another fermionic with two spin components---within a realistic trap configuration. We further show that such interplay of transitions can render the nature of the ground state to be highly sensitive to the experimental parameters and the dimensionality of the system.
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The main topic of these lectures is the physics of quantum degenerate atomic Fermi gases both under uniform confinement and in harmonic traps. To begin with, a general introduction on ideal Fermi gases is proposed. This "academic" limit is relevant in experiments where ultracold fermionic atoms are all polarized in a single spin state: the low atom momenta together with the fermionic nature of the atoms forbid atomic s-wave scattering and the atoms can be considered as free. Interactions are then introduced for the case of a gas with two spin components. Interactions can be tuned via Feshbach resonances and control the microscopic features of the superfluid phase, ranging from the BCS limit (formation of Cooper pairs) to the BEC limit (Bose-Einstein condensation of dimers). Various theoretical approaches for the description of the BCS-BEC crossover and their predictions in comparison with the experimental results are discussed.
We study the coherence properties of a trapped two-component gas of fermionic atoms below the BCS critical temperature. We propose an optical method to investigate the Cooper pair coherence across different regions of the superfluid. Near-resonant laser light is used to induce transitions between the two coupled hyperfine states. The beam is split so that it probes two spatially separate regions of the gas. Absorption of the light in this interferometric scheme depends on the Cooper pair coherence between the two regions.
We calculate the elementary excitations and pairing of a trapped atomic Fermi gas in the superfluid phase. The level spectra and pairing gaps undergo several transitions as the strength of the interactions between atoms and the number of atoms are varied. For weak interactions, the Cooper pairs are formed between particles residing in the same harmonic oscillator shell. In this regime, the nature of the paired state is shown to depend critically on the position of the chemical potential relative to the harmonic oscillator shells and on the size of the mean field. For stronger interactions, we find a region where pairing occur between time-reversed harmonic oscillator states in different shells also.