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arXiv:1702.03944 · Physical review. B./Physical review. B

Photonic Bell-state analysis based on semiconductor-superconductor structures

Evyatar Sabag, Shlomi Bouscher, Raja Marjieh, Alex Hayat

Published Mar 7, 2017• 20 citations
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Abstract

We propose a compact and highly efficient scheme for complete Bell-state analysis using two-photon absorption in a superconducting proximity region of a semiconductor avalanche photodiode. One-photon transitions to the superconducting Cooper-pair based condensate in the conduction band are forbidden, whereas two-photon transitions are allowed and are strongly enhanced by superconductivity. This Cooper-pair based two-photon absorption results in a strong detection preference of a specified entangled state. Our analysis shows high detection purity of the desired Bell state with negligible false detection probability. The theoretically demonstrated concept can pave the way towards practical realizations of advanced quantum information schemes.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.95.094503

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Here we propose a new efficient method to preform full Bell-state analysis based on photon-pair detection in a semiconductor quantum-well (QW) based structure in proximity to a superconductor. We show that for certain photon energies one-photon absorption is forbidden, and only two-photon absorption into Cooper-pairs can occur (Fig. 1.a), with rates enhanced by orders of magnitude compared to other nonlinear processes. Putting the device in proximity to a superconductor allows light-matter interactions only with a specific entangled photon-pair [6], due to the spin-entangled states in BCS. We theoretically demonstrate Bell-state analysis on polarization entangled photons tagged by different energies.
Summary form only given. Various applications in the rapidly growing field of quantum information science require reliable and effective quantum light sources. We observed superconducting proximity in semiconductor light-emitting diodes (Fig. 1). These hybrid structures were proposed by us as an efficient approach for generation of entangled photons, based on Cooper-pair luminescence in semiconductors, which does not require isolated emitters. Semiconductor quantum wells, remove the light-heavy-hole degeneracy, allowing efficient photon entanglement generation in simple electrically-driven structures, taking advantage of the superconducting macroscopic coherence [1]. Based on the developed theory we analyzed a new effect of enhanced light amplification in electrically-driven semiconductor-superconductor structures, including Cooper-pair based two-photon gain [2]. Moreover, we proposed a compact and highly-efficient scheme for a complete Bell-state analysis using two-photon absorption in a superconducting proximity region of a semiconductor avalanche photodiode. This Cooper-pair based two-photon absorption results in a strong detection preference of a specified entangled state.
We propose a compact and highly efficient scheme for solid-state photonic quantum gates. At the core of our scheme is a $SWA{P}^{\ensuremath{\phi}}$ gate based on giant Cooper-pair-based optical nonlinearity we predict in a semiconductor-superconductor structure, selectively introducing a phase to the $|{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Psi}}}_{+}\ensuremath{\rangle}$ Bell state. We theoretically demonstrate this scheme on a practical device based on a superconducting contact coupled to a GaAs/AlGaAs waveguide structure. We model the Cooper-pair-induced nonlinear change of the refractive index showing strong nonlinearities at energies close to the superconducting gap inside a semiconductor band. We calculate the fidelity of the proposed $SWA{P}^{\ensuremath{\phi}}$ gate, as well as the sensitivity of the gate to device parameters. As short photon wave packets are crucial for efficient higher-order interactions, we investigate the integrated fidelity for short wave packets with different central wavelengths and bandwidths, providing limiting factors as well as possible optimizations. This theoretically demonstrated concept can pave the way toward practical realizations of scalable photonic quantum circuits.