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arXiv:1702.02759 · Physical review. B./Physical review. B

Coherent control of the dynamics of a single quantum-dot exciton qubit in a cavity

Antonio de Freitas, L. Sanz, J. M. Villas-Bôas

Published Mar 6, 2017• 11 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

In this paper we demonstrate theoretically how to use an external laser field to control the population inversion of a single quantum dot exciton qubit in a nanocavity. We consider the Jaynes-Cummings model to describe the system, and the incoherent losses were taken into account by using Lindblad operators. We have demonstrated how to prepare the initial state in a superposition of the exciton in the ground state and the cavity in a coherent state. The effects of exciton-cavity detuning, the laser-cavity detunings, the pulse area, and losses over the qubit dynamics are analyzed. We also show how to use a continuous laser pumping in resonance with the cavity mode to sustain a coherent state inside the cavity, providing some protection to the qubit against cavity loss.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.95.115110

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In this paper we demonstrate theoretically how to use an external laser field to control the population inversion of a single quantum dot exciton qubit in a nanocavity. We consider the Jaynes-Cummings model to describe the system, and the incoherent losses were taken into account by using Lindblad operators. We have demonstrated how to prepare the initial state in a superposition of the exciton in the ground state and the cavity in a coherent state. The effects of exciton-cavity detuning, the laser-cavity detunings, the pulse area, and losses over the qubit dynamics are analyzed. We also show how to use a continuous laser pumping in resonance with the cavity mode to sustain a coherent state inside the cavity, providing some protection to the qubit against cavity loss.
In this work, we demonstrate theoretically how to use a Gaussian-shaped pulse to control the population inversion in a system composed of a quantum dot treated as a two-level system inserted in resonant nanocavity. For this, we use the Jaynes-Cummings model to describe the system, however, dissipative processes should not be neglected, which were included through the operators of Lindbla. In this sense, we demonstrate how to prepare the system to control population inversion, considering as initial state the superposition of the exciton in the ground state with the cavity in the coherent state. So, we analyze the effects of the dephasing between the cavity and the exciton frequency, as well as, the action of a continuous laser acting exclusively in the cavity generating a protection to the dissipative processes related to the imperfect surface of the cavity. We analyzed the process of exchanging information between two quantum dots coupled through Foster using coherent pulse exclusively at one of the dot and verified the information exchange by means of the inversion of population in the quantum dot unpumped.
Abstract A major challenge in generating single photons with a single emitter is to excite the emitter while avoiding laser leakage into the collection path. Ideally, any scheme to suppress this leakage should not result in a loss in the efficiency of the single-photon source. Here, we investigate a scheme in which a single emitter, a semiconductor quantum dot, is embedded in a microcavity. The scheme exploits the splitting of the cavity mode into two orthogonally-polarised modes: one mode is used for excitation, the other for collection. By linking the experiment to theory, we show that the best population inversion is achieved with a laser pulse detuned from the quantum emitter. The Rabi oscillations exhibit an unusual dependence on pulse power. Our theory describes them quantitatively, enabling us to determine the absolute population inversion. By comparing the experimental results with our theoretical model, we determine a population inversion of 98 % − 5 % + 1 % for optimal laser detuning. The Rabi oscillations depend on the sign of the laser-pulse detuning, a phenomenon arising from the non-trivial effect of phonons on the exciton dynamics. The exciton–phonon interaction is included in the theory and gives excellent agreement with all the experimental results.
We investigate pump-induced exciton inversion in a quantum-dot cavity system with continuous wave drive. Using a polaron-based master equation, we demonstrate excited-state populations above 0.9 for an InAs quantum dot at a phonon bath temperature of 4 K. In an exciton-driven system, the dominant mechanism is incoherent excitation from the phonon bath. For cavity driving, the mechanism is phonon-mediated switching between ground- and excited-state branches of the ladder of photon states, as quantum trajectory simulations clearly show. The exciton inversion as a function of detuning is found to be qualitatively different for exciton and cavity driving, primarily due to cavity filtering. The master equation approach allows us to include important radiative and non-radiative decay processes on the zero phonon line, provides a clear underlying dynamic in terms of photon and phonon scattering, and admits simple analytical approximations that help to explain the physics.
We report on coherent control of the resonantly driven exciton state in a single quantum dot in the strong coupling regime. With picosecond laser pulses, the two-level system undergoes Rabi oscillations and a given coherent superposition of states can be addressed. Using a pair of phase-locked pulses, optical manipulation is achieved during the coherence time of the qu-bit. The dephasing processes are also studied and we show that in typical quantum dots, the coherence time T 2 can be of the same order of magnitude as the effective lifetime of the exciton T 1 (a few hundreds of ps) although not reaching the upper theoretical limit of 2T 1 . We conclude that energy relaxation and pure dephasing processes due to virtual scattering with phonons contribute on an equal footing to the loss of coherence.
The dynamics of the driven Jaynes-Cummings model where a two-level atom is coupled to a single mode of cavity fields and is driven by an external coherent field is investigated. We find that in this model quantum collapse and revivals of the atomic population inversion and squeezing of the cavity field can be generated from a thermal photon state. We also notice that the squeezing is very sensitive to the mean number of thermal photons initially in the cavity, but the quantum collapse and revivals are not. The influence of the amplitude of the driving field and various detuning parameters on the nonclassical effects is discussed. The result shows that one can use the external field to control nonclassical effects in the Jaynes-Cummings model.
This thesis presents experiments carried out into the coherent properties of charge carriers confined within a single InGaAs/GaAs quantum dot. Specifically the ground state - single exciton qubit system is controlled with ultrafast optical pulses and then the population of the dot is measured by a high-sensitivity photocurrent detection technique. There are two principal results of these experiments, firstly by modulating the bias applied to the quantum dot diode, the detection efficiency of the photocurrent measurement technique is enhanced. The enhancement is possible as the modulated bias allows fast switching of the voltage-dependent carrier tunneling rates. Secondly, when the transition is addressed by an intense, positively detuned laser, the qubit system can be driven to a population inversion. This occurs due to phonon-assisted relaxation of the optical dressed states of the system. Here, the rapid thermalization due to the exciton-phonon interaction actually enables the population inversion, instead of simply being a source of decoherence.