Generating double NOON states of photons in circuit QED

Abstract

To generate a NOON state with a large photon number $N$, the number of operational steps could be large and the fidelity will decrease rapidly with $N$. Here we propose a method to generate a type of quantum entangled states, $(|NN00\ensuremath{\rangle}+|00NN\ensuremath{\rangle})/\sqrt{2}$, called ``double NOON'' states, with a setup of two superconducting flux qutrits and five circuit cavities. This scheme operates essentially by employing a two-photon process; i.e., two photons are simultaneously and separately emitted into two cavities when each coupler qutrit is initially in a higher-energy excited state. As a consequence, the ``double'' NOON state creation needs only $N+2$ operational steps. One application of double NOON states is to get a phase error of $1/(2N)$ in phase measurement. In comparison, to achieve the same error, a normal NOON state of the form $(|2N,0\ensuremath{\rangle}+|0,2N\ensuremath{\rangle})/\sqrt{2}$ is needed, which requires at least $2N$ operational steps to prepare by using the existing schemes. Our numerical simulation demonstrates that high-fidelity generation of the double NOON states with $N\ensuremath{\le}10$ even for imperfect devices is feasible with the present circuit QED technique.