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arXiv:1612.09513 · Physics Letters B

Bell inequality in the holographic EPR pair

Jiunn-Wei Chen, Sichun Sun, Yun‐Long Zhang

Published Feb 12, 2019• 6 citations
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Abstract

We study the Bell inequality in a holographic model of the casually disconnected Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen (EPR) pair. The Clauser–Horne–Shimony–Holt (CHSH) form of Bell inequality is constructed using holographic Schwinger–Keldysh (SK) correlators. We show that the manifestation of quantum correlation in Bell inequality can be holographically reproduced from the classical fluctuations of dual accelerating string in the bulk gravity. The violation of this holographic Bell inequality supports the essential quantum property of this holographic model of an EPR pair.

DOI
10.1016/j.physletb.2019.02.012

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We study the Bell inequality in a holographic model of the casually disconnected Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen (EPR) pair. The Clauser–Horne–Shimony–Holt (CHSH) form of Bell inequality is constructed using holographic Schwinger–Keldysh (SK) correlators. We show that the manifestation of quantum correlation in Bell inequality can be holographically reproduced from the classical fluctuations of dual accelerating string in the bulk gravity. The violation of this holographic Bell inequality supports the essential quantum property of this holographic model of an EPR pair.
We study how quantum correlations survive at large scales in spite of their exposition to stochastic backgrounds of gravitational waves. We consider Einstein-Podolski-Rosen (EPR) correlations built up on the polarizations of photon pairs and evaluate how they are affected by the cosmic gravitational wave background (CGWB). We evaluate the quantum decoherence of the EPR correlations in terms of a reduction of the violation of the Bell inequality as written by Clauser, Horne, Shimony and Holt (CHSH). We show that this decoherence remains small and that EPR correlations can in principle survive up to the largest cosmic scales.
We derive an inequality that is necessary and sufficient to show Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) steering in a scenario employing only correlations between two arbitrary dichotomic measurements on each party. Thus the inequality is a complete steering analogy of the Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt (CHSH) inequality, a generalization of the result of Cavalcanti et al. [E. G. Cavalcanti, C. J. Foster, M. Fuwa, and H. M. Wiseman, JOSA B 32, A74 (2015)]. We show that violation of the inequality only requires measuring over equivalence classes of mutually unbiased measurements on the trusted party and that in fact assuming a general two-qubit system arbitrary pairs of distinct projective measurements at the trusted party are equally useful. Via this it is found that for a given state the maximum violation of our EPR-steering inequality is equal to that for the CHSH inequality, so all states that are EPR steerable with CHSH-type correlations are also Bell nonlocal.
The validity of the Bell-Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt (Bell-CHSH) inequality for hidden-variable models of the Bell type and the quantum prediction that said inequality can be violated are two indisputable assertions. However, one can prove wrong the assertion that no hidden-variable model is able to reproduce quantum predictions about the Bell-CHSH test. Here, we reproduce all quantum predictions of Bell-CHSH tests by means of the Bell-Kochen-Specker hidden-variable model for a qubit plus Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen “criterion of physical reality”.
For quantum communication in a gravitational field, the properties of the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) correlation are studied within the framework of general relativity. Acceleration and gravity are shown to deteriorate the perfect anticorrelation of an EPR pair of spins in the same direction, and apparently decrease the degree of the violation of Bell's inequality. To maintain the perfect EPR correlation and the maximal violation of Bell's inequality, observers must measure the spins in appropriately chosen different directions which depend on the velocity of the particles, the curvature of the space-time, and the positions of the observers. Near the event horizon of a black hole, the appropriate directions depend so sensitively on the positions of the observers that even a very small uncertainty in the identification of the observers' positions leads to a fatal error in quantum communication, unless the observers fall into the black hole together with the particles.
Quantum nonlocality has recently been classified into three distinct types: quantum entanglement, Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) steering, and Bell's nonlocality. Experimentally Bell's nonlocality is usually tested by quantum violation of the Clause-Horne-Shimony-Holt (CHSH) inequality in the two-qubit system. Bell's nonlocality is the strongest type of nonlocality, also due this reason Bell-test experiments have encountered both the locality loophole and the detection loophole for a very long time. As a weaker nonlocality, EPR steering naturally escapes from the locality loophole and is correspondingly easier to be demonstrated without the detection loophole. In this work, we trigger an extraordinary approach to investigate Bell's nonlocality, which is strongly based on the EPR steering. We present a theorem, showing that for any two-qubit state τττ, if its mapped state ρρρ is EPR steerable, then the state τττ must be Bell nonlocal. The result not only pinpoints a deep connection between EPR steering and Bell's nonlocality, but also sheds a new light to realize a loophole-free Bell-test experiment (without the CHSH inequality) through the violation of steering inequality.