The dynamics of dark–bright (DB) solitons beyond the mean-field approximation is investigated. We first examine the case of a single DB soliton and its oscillations within a parabolic trap. Subsequently, we move to the setting of collisions, comparing the mean-field approximation to that involving multiple orbitals in both the dark and the bright component. Fragmentation is present and significantly affects the dynamics, especially in the case of slower solitons and in that of lower atom numbers. It is shown that the presence of fragmentation allows for bipartite entanglement between the distinguishable species. Most importantly the interplay between fragmentation and entanglement leads to the splitting of each of the parent mean-field DB solitons, placed off-center within the parabolic trap, into a fast and a slow daughter solitary wave. The latter process is in direct contrast to the predictions of the mean-field approximation. A variety of excitations including DB solitons in multiple (concurrently populated) orbitals is observed. Dark–antidark states and domain-wall-bright soliton complexes can also be observed to arise spontaneously in the beyond mean-field dynamics.
The dynamics of dark–bright (DB) solitons beyond the mean-field approximation is investigated. We first examine the case of a single DB soliton and its oscillations within a parabolic trap. Subsequently, we move to the setting of collisions, comparing the mean-field approximation to that involving multiple orbitals in both the dark and the bright component. Fragmentation is present and significantly affects the dynamics, especially in the case of slower solitons and in that of lower atom numbers. It is shown that the presence of fragmentation allows for bipartite entanglement between the distinguishable species. Most importantly the interplay between fragmentation and entanglement leads to the splitting of each of the parent mean-field DB solitons, placed off-center within the parabolic trap, into a fast and a slow daughter solitary wave. The latter process is in direct contrast to the predictions of the mean-field approximation. A variety of excitations including DB solitons in multiple (concurrently populated) orbitals is observed. Dark–antidark states and domain-wall-bright soliton complexes can also be observed to arise spontaneously in the beyond mean-field dynamics.
The dynamics of dark bright solitons beyond the mean-eld approximation is investigated. Werst examine the case of a single dark-bright soliton and its oscillations within a parabolic trap.Subsequently, we move to the setting of collisions, comparing the mean-eld approximation to thatinvolving multiple orbitals in both the dark and the bright component. Fragmentation is presentand signicantly aects the dynamics, especially in the case of slower solitons and in that of loweratom numbers. It is shown that the presence of fragmentation allows for bipartite entanglementbetween the distinguishable species. Most importantly the interplay between fragmentation andentanglement leads to the decay of each of the initial mean-eld dark-bright solitons into fast andslow fragmented dark-bright structures. A variety of excitations including dark-bright solitons inmultiple (concurrently populated) orbitals is observed. Dark-antidark states and domain-wall-brightsoliton complexes can also be observed to arise spontaneously in the beyond mean-eld dynamics.
In the present work, we explore the potential of spin-orbit (SO) coupled Bose-Einstein condensates to support multi-component solitonic states in the form of dark-bright (DB) solitons. In the case where Raman linear coupling between components is absent, we use a multiscale expansion method to reduce the model to the integrable Mel'nikov system. The soliton solutions of the latter allow us to reconstruct approximate traveling DB solitons for the reduced SO coupled system. For small values of the formal perturbation parameter, the resulting waveforms propagate undistorted, while for large values thereof, they shed some dispersive radiation, and subsequently distill into a robust propagating structure. After quantifying the relevant radiation effect, we also study the dynamics of DB solitons in a parabolic trap, exploring how their oscillation frequency varies as a function of the bright component mass and the Raman laser wavenumber.
In this work we present a systematic theoretical analysis regarding dark-bright solitons and their interactions, motivated by recent advances in atomic two-component repulsively interacting Bose-Einstein condensates. In particular, we study analytically via a two-soliton ansatz adopted within a variational formulation the interaction between two dark-bright solitons in a homogeneous environment beyond the integrable regime, by considering general inter- and intra-atomic interaction coefficients. We retrieve the possibility of a fixed point in the case where the bright solitons are out of phase. As the intercomponent interaction is increased, we also identify an exponential instability of the two-soliton state, associated with a subcritical pitchfork bifurcation. The latter gives rise to an asymmetric partition of the bright soliton mass and dynamically leads to spontaneous splitting of the bound pair. In the case of the in-phase bright solitons, we explain via parsing the analytical approximations and monitoring the direct dynamics why no such pair is identified, despite its prediction by the variational analysis.
The beyond mean-field (MF) dynamics of a bent dark soliton (BDS) embedded in a two-dimensional repulsively interacting Bose–Einstein condensate is explored. We examine the case of a single BDS comparing the MF dynamics to a correlated approach, the multi-configuration time-dependent Hartree method for bosons. Dynamical snaking of this bent structure is observed, signaling the onset of fragmentation which becomes significant during the vortex nucleation. In contrast to the MF approximation 'filling' of the vortex core is observed, leading in turn to the formation of filled-core vortices, instead of the MF vortex–antivortex pairs. The resulting smearing effect in the density is a rather generic feature, occurring when solitonic structures are exposed to quantum fluctuations. Here, we show that this filling owes its existence to the dynamical building of an antidark structure developed in the next-to-leading order orbital. We further demonstrate that the aforementioned beyond MF dynamics can be experimentally detected using the variance of single shot measurements. Additionally, a variety of excitations including vortices, oblique dark solitons, and open ring dark soliton-like structures building upon higher-lying orbitals is observed. We demonstrate that signatures of the higher-lying orbital excitations emerge in the total density, and can be clearly captured by inspecting the one-body coherence. In the latter context, the localization of one-body correlations exposes the existence of the multi-orbital vortex-antidark structure.
We consider the stability and dynamics of multiple dark solitons in cigar-shaped Bose-Einstein condensates. Our study is motivated by the fact that multiple matter-wave dark solitons may naturally form in such settings as per our recent work [Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 130401 (2008)]. First, we study the dark soliton interactions and show that the dynamics of well-separated solitons (i.e., ones that undergo a collision with relatively low velocities) can be analyzed by means of particle-like equations of motion. The latter take into regard the repulsion between solitons (via an effective repulsive potential) and the confinement and dimensionality of the system (via an effective parabolic trap for each soliton). Next, based on the fact that stationary, well-separated dark multisoliton states emerge as a nonlinear continuation of the appropriate excited eigenstates of the quantum harmonic oscillator, we use a Bogoliubov-de Gennes analysis to systematically study the stability of such structures. We find that for a sufficiently large number of atoms, multiple soliton states are dynamically stable, while for a small number of atoms, we predict a dynamical instability emerging from resonance effects between the eigenfrequencies of the soliton modes and the intrinsic excitation frequencies of the condensate. Finally, we present experimental realizations of multisoliton states including a three-soliton state consisting of two solitons oscillating around a stationary one and compare the relevant results to the predictions of the theoretical mean-field model.
In this work we present a systematic theoretical analysis regarding dark-bright solitons and their interactions,motivated by recent advances in atomic two-component repulsively interacting Bose-Einstein condensates. Inparticular, we study analytically via a two-soliton ansatz adopted within a variational formulation the interactionbetween two dark-bright solitons in a homogeneous environment beyond the integrable regime, by consideringgeneral inter/intra-atomic interaction coefficients. We retrieve the possibility of a fixed point in the case wherethe bright solitons are out of phase. As the inter-component interaction is increased, we also identify an exponentialinstability of the two-soliton state, associated with a subcritical pitchfork bifurcation. The latter givesrise to an asymmetric partition of the bright soliton mass and dynamically leads to spontaneous splitting of thebound pair. In the case of the in-phase bright solitons, we explain via parsing the analytical approximations andmonitoring the direct dynamics why no such pair is identified, despite its prediction by the variational analysis.