Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

arXiv:1612.06645 · Scientific Reports

Counting statistics of photon emissions detected in non-Markovian environment

Luting Xu, Xin-Qi Li

Published Jan 5, 2018• 3 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

In this work we present a large-deviation analysis for the counting statistics of atomic spontaneous emissions continuously detected in finite-bandwidth non-Markovian environment. We show that the statistics of the spontaneous emissions depends on the time interval (τ) of successive detections, which can result in big differences such as dynamical phase transition. This feature excludes the idea of regarding the spontaneous emissions as detection-free objective events. Possible experiment is briefly discussed in connection with the state-of-the-art optical cavity set-up.

DOI
10.1038/s41598-017-18980-w

Related papers

Quantum measurement induced radiative processes in continuously monitored optical environments

Eldhose Benny, Sreenath K. Manikandan

We investigate the emission characteristics of a measurement-driven quantum emitter in a continuously monitored optical environment. The quantum emitter is stimulated by observing the Pauli spin along its transition dipole that maximally noncommutes with the Hamiltonian of the emitter. It also exchanges energy resonantly with the optical environment, observable as quantum jumps corresponding to the absorption or emission of a photon and the null events where the quantum emitter did not make a jump. We characterize the finite-time statistics of quantum jumps and estimate their covariance and precision using the large deviation principle. While the statistics of absorption and emission events are generically sub-Poissonian with an improved precision by at most a factor of two compared to Poissonian jumps, our analysis also reveals a spin-measurement-induced transition from super-Poissonian to sub-Poissonian in their sum. We conclude by describing generalized quantum measurement strategies using mode-entangled optical beams to access the predicted counting statistics in experiments, with implications extending to optimal quantum clocks.

arXiv:2411.08689•Physical Review Research•May 1, 2025•0 citations

Distinguishing photon-count fluctuation characteristics of classical and quantum light sources using non-Markovian processes

Lian Seng Tey, Sithi Vinayakam Muniandy, Wu Yi Chong

Understanding photon-count dynamics is crucial for applications such as quantum random number generators and quantum key distributions, where random and memoryless photon-count arrival processes are essential for performance and security. We investigated the fluctuation dynamics of aggregated photon-count time series for two distinct light sources: a 780-nm laser diode and a spontaneous parametric down-conversion source, using detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) and the index of dispersion for intervals (IDI). Despite the degradation of photon statistics to Poissonian due to optical losses and detector inefficiencies, our analysis reveals significant long-range dependence at large timescales. The DFA scaling exponents α[over ¯]>0.75 and IDI values c_{k}^{2}>1 at high mean photon count and large aggregation timescales indicate photon-count fluctuations deviated from Poisson model. Our findings underscore the necessity of models beyond Poisson statistics to accurately describe the photon-count dynamics over extended timescales.

Physical review. E•Apr 28, 2025•5 citations

Non-Markovian correlation spectra and quantum stochastic trajectory analysis of spontaneous emission of an excited two-level atom

Chang-qi Cao, Wei Long, Jikun Wei +1 more

The non-Markovian correlation spectra of spontaneous emission of an excited two-level atom are derived including the effect of finite size of the atom and all the possible contribution of allowed multipole radiations. The emission process is then analyzed by the quantum stochastic trajectory approach. The non-Markovian effect is counted in by expanding the original system to an enlarged system with Markovian reservoirs. In the case of a hydrogenlike atom with large atomic number Z, the deviation from the Weisskopf-Wigner result is quite evident.

Physical Review A•Sep 18, 2001•5 citations

Detecting non-Markovianity from continuous monitoring

Kimmo Luoma, Pinja Haikka, Jyrki Piilo

We study how non-Markovianity of an open two-level system can be detected when continuously monitoring a part of its bosonic environment. Considering a physical scenario of an atom in a lossy cavity, we demonstrate that the properties of the time-dependent flux of the photons from the cavity allows the detection of memory effects in the atomic dynamics. This framework overlaps with effective descriptions for the memory part of the environment using pseudomode methods. Our central results show how the Markovian measurement record on the environment of an enlarged open system allows us to draw conclusions on the non-Markovianity of the original system of interest.

arXiv:1409.4516•Physical Review A•Nov 21, 2014•5 citations

A Non-markovian Model of Photodetection of Cavity Radiation

S. K. Srinivasan, Ramabhadra Vasudevan

A non-markovian model of the detection of cavity photons is proposed. The cavity photons interact with the atoms of the detector in a two-stage process, while the evolution of the cavity photons is modelled, as usual, as a population process with constant rate parameters. The joint distribution of the cavity photons and the number of detected photoelectrons is studied. The results corresponding to the markovian model proposed by Shepherd are recovered by an appropriate limiting procedure. Some simple characteristics of the twofold counting statistics are also obtained. In particular, the memory effects of two-stage detection are shown to result in a depletion of bunching; the shape of the spectrum (in the time domain), while similar to that obtained using the Shepherd model, is depressed pointwise by a memory-dependent factor.

Optica Acta International Journal of Optics•Jul 1, 1985•5 citations

Non-Markovian dynamic evolution of spontaneous emission decay of a two-level atom embedded in one-dimensional photonic crystals

Nian-Hua Liu, Jingping Xu, Shi‐Yao Zhu

The dynamic evolution of atomic spontaneous emission in one-dimensional photonic crystals (1DPC) is investigated by using mode functions for the 1DPC. Our attention is focused on the non-Markovian processes in the first several optical cycles of the spontaneous emission decay. The integral-differential dynamic equation is directly solved by numerical calculation without using the Markovian approximation. The interference of the multireflected fields plays an important role in the non-Markovian processes. Due to the interference of the fields successive arrived at the atom due to the reflection at the interfaces, the decay rate shows a series of pulselike peaks. If the interference is constructive, the spontaneous decay is enhanced, while if the interference is destructive, the spontaneous decay is suppressed. The steady decay rate is approximately equal to the vacuum decay rate, when the atomic transition frequency corresponds to an allowed normal mode of the 1DPC. The spontaneous emission decay is suppressed if the atomic transition frequency is within the forbidden gap of the 1DPC.

Physical Review B•Aug 11, 2006•9 citations
In this work we present a large-deviation analysis for the counting statistics of atomic spontaneous emissions continuously detected in finite-bandwidth non-Markovian environment. We show that the statistics of the spontaneous emissions depends on the time interval (τ) of successive detections, which can result in big differences such as dynamical phase transition. This feature excludes the idea of regarding the spontaneous emissions as detection-free objective events. Possible experiment is briefly discussed in connection with the state-of-the-art optical cavity set-up.
We investigate the emission characteristics of a measurement-driven quantum emitter in a continuously monitored optical environment. The quantum emitter is stimulated by observing the Pauli spin along its transition dipole that maximally noncommutes with the Hamiltonian of the emitter. It also exchanges energy resonantly with the optical environment, observable as quantum jumps corresponding to the absorption or emission of a photon and the null events where the quantum emitter did not make a jump. We characterize the finite-time statistics of quantum jumps and estimate their covariance and precision using the large deviation principle. While the statistics of absorption and emission events are generically sub-Poissonian with an improved precision by at most a factor of two compared to Poissonian jumps, our analysis also reveals a spin-measurement-induced transition from super-Poissonian to sub-Poissonian in their sum. We conclude by describing generalized quantum measurement strategies using mode-entangled optical beams to access the predicted counting statistics in experiments, with implications extending to optimal quantum clocks.
Understanding photon-count dynamics is crucial for applications such as quantum random number generators and quantum key distributions, where random and memoryless photon-count arrival processes are essential for performance and security. We investigated the fluctuation dynamics of aggregated photon-count time series for two distinct light sources: a 780-nm laser diode and a spontaneous parametric down-conversion source, using detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) and the index of dispersion for intervals (IDI). Despite the degradation of photon statistics to Poissonian due to optical losses and detector inefficiencies, our analysis reveals significant long-range dependence at large timescales. The DFA scaling exponents α[over ¯]>0.75 and IDI values c_{k}^{2}>1 at high mean photon count and large aggregation timescales indicate photon-count fluctuations deviated from Poisson model. Our findings underscore the necessity of models beyond Poisson statistics to accurately describe the photon-count dynamics over extended timescales.
The non-Markovian correlation spectra of spontaneous emission of an excited two-level atom are derived including the effect of finite size of the atom and all the possible contribution of allowed multipole radiations. The emission process is then analyzed by the quantum stochastic trajectory approach. The non-Markovian effect is counted in by expanding the original system to an enlarged system with Markovian reservoirs. In the case of a hydrogenlike atom with large atomic number Z, the deviation from the Weisskopf-Wigner result is quite evident.
We study how non-Markovianity of an open two-level system can be detected when continuously monitoring a part of its bosonic environment. Considering a physical scenario of an atom in a lossy cavity, we demonstrate that the properties of the time-dependent flux of the photons from the cavity allows the detection of memory effects in the atomic dynamics. This framework overlaps with effective descriptions for the memory part of the environment using pseudomode methods. Our central results show how the Markovian measurement record on the environment of an enlarged open system allows us to draw conclusions on the non-Markovianity of the original system of interest.
A non-markovian model of the detection of cavity photons is proposed. The cavity photons interact with the atoms of the detector in a two-stage process, while the evolution of the cavity photons is modelled, as usual, as a population process with constant rate parameters. The joint distribution of the cavity photons and the number of detected photoelectrons is studied. The results corresponding to the markovian model proposed by Shepherd are recovered by an appropriate limiting procedure. Some simple characteristics of the twofold counting statistics are also obtained. In particular, the memory effects of two-stage detection are shown to result in a depletion of bunching; the shape of the spectrum (in the time domain), while similar to that obtained using the Shepherd model, is depressed pointwise by a memory-dependent factor.
The dynamic evolution of atomic spontaneous emission in one-dimensional photonic crystals (1DPC) is investigated by using mode functions for the 1DPC. Our attention is focused on the non-Markovian processes in the first several optical cycles of the spontaneous emission decay. The integral-differential dynamic equation is directly solved by numerical calculation without using the Markovian approximation. The interference of the multireflected fields plays an important role in the non-Markovian processes. Due to the interference of the fields successive arrived at the atom due to the reflection at the interfaces, the decay rate shows a series of pulselike peaks. If the interference is constructive, the spontaneous decay is enhanced, while if the interference is destructive, the spontaneous decay is suppressed. The steady decay rate is approximately equal to the vacuum decay rate, when the atomic transition frequency corresponds to an allowed normal mode of the 1DPC. The spontaneous emission decay is suppressed if the atomic transition frequency is within the forbidden gap of the 1DPC.