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arXiv:1611.10240 · Physical Review Letters

Quantum State Transfer via Noisy Photonic and Phononic Waveguides

Benoît Vermersch, P.-O. Guimond, Hannes Pichler, P. Zoller

Published Mar 27, 2017• 139 citations
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Abstract

We describe a quantum state transfer protocol, where a quantum state of photons stored in a first cavity can be faithfully transferred to a second distant cavity via an infinite 1D waveguide, while being immune to arbitrary noise (e.g., thermal noise) injected into the waveguide. We extend the model and protocol to a cavity QED setup, where atomic ensembles, or single atoms representing quantum memory, are coupled to a cavity mode. We present a detailed study of sensitivity to imperfections, and apply a quantum error correction protocol to account for random losses (or additions) of photons in the waveguide. Our numerical analysis is enabled by matrix product state techniques to simulate the complete quantum circuit, which we generalize to include thermal input fields. Our discussion applies both to photonic and phononic quantum networks.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.118.133601

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We describe a quantum state transfer protocol, where a quantum state of photons stored in a first cavity can be faithfully transferred to a second distant cavity via an infinite 1D waveguide, while being immune to arbitrary noise (e.g., thermal noise) injected into the waveguide. We extend the model and protocol to a cavity QED setup, where atomic ensembles, or single atoms representing quantum memory, are coupled to a cavity mode. We present a detailed study of sensitivity to imperfections, and apply a quantum error correction protocol to account for random losses (or additions) of photons in the waveguide. Our numerical analysis is enabled by matrix product state techniques to simulate the complete quantum circuit, which we generalize to include thermal input fields. Our discussion applies both to photonic and phononic quantum networks.
We describe a quantum state transfer protocol, where a quantum state of photons stored in a first cavity can be faithfully transferred to a second distant cavity via an infinite 1D waveguide, while being immune to arbitrary noise (e.g., thermal noise) injected into the waveguide.We extend the model and protocol to a cavity QED setup, where atomic ensembles, or single atoms representing quantum memory, are coupled to a cavity mode.We present a detailed study of sensitivity to imperfections, and apply a quantum error correction protocol to account for random losses (or additions) of photons in the waveguide.Our numerical analysis is enabled by matrix product state techniques to simulate the complete quantum circuit, which we generalize to include thermal input fields.Our discussion applies both to photonic and phononic quantum networks.
In this article, we consider a realistic waveguide implementation of a quantum network that serves as a testbed to show how to maximize the storage and manipulation of quantum information in QED setups. We analyze two approaches using wavepacket engineering and quantum state transfer protocols. First, we propose and design a family of orthogonal photons in the time domain. These photons allow for a selective interaction with distinct targeted qubits. Yet, mode multiplexing employing resonant nodes is largely spoiled by cross-talk effects. This motivates the second approach, namely, frequency multiplexing. Here we explore the limits of frequency multiplexing through the waveguide, analyzing its capabilities to host and faithfully transmit photons of different frequencies within a given bandwidth. We perform detailed one- and two-photon simulations and provide theoretical bounds for the fidelity of coherent quantum state transfer protocols under realistic conditions. Our results show that state-of-the-art experiments can employ dozens of multiplexed photons with global fidelities fulfilling the requirements imposed by fault-tolerant quantum computing. This is with the caveat that the conditions for single-photon fidelity are met. Published by the American Physical Society 2024
Performing a faithful transfer of an unknown quantum state is a key challenge for enabling quantum networks. The realization of networks with a small number of quantum links is now actively pursued, which calls for an assessment of different state transfer methods to guide future design decisions. Here, we theoretically investigate quantum state transfer between two distant qubits, each in a cavity, connected by a waveguide, e.g., an optical fiber. We evaluate the achievable success probabilities of state transfer for two different protocols: standard wave packet shaping and adiabatic passage. The main loss sources are transmission losses in the waveguide and absorption losses in the cavities. While special cases studied in the literature indicate that adiabatic passages may be beneficial in this context, it remained an open question under which conditions this is the case and whether their use will be advantageous in practice. We answer these questions by providing a full analysis, showing that state transfer by adiabatic passage—in contrast to wave packet shaping—can mitigate the effects of undesired cavity losses, far beyond the regime of coupling to a single waveguide mode and the regime of lossless waveguides, as was proposed so far. Furthermore, we show that the photon arrival probability is in fact bounded in a trade-off between losses due to non-adiabaticity and due to coupling to off-resonant waveguide modes. We clarify that neither protocol can avoid transmission losses and discuss how the cavity parameters should be chosen to achieve an optimal state transfer.
We propose a protocol for quantum networking based on deterministic quantum state transfer between distant memory nodes using photon-number superposition states (PNSS). In the suggested scheme, the quantum nodes are single atoms confined in high-finesse optical cavities linked by photonic channels. The quantum information written in a superposition of atomic Zeeman states of sending system is faithfully mapped through cavity-assisted Raman scattering onto PNSS of linearly polarized cavity photons. The photons travel to the receiving cavity, where they are coherently absorbed with unit probability creating the same superposition state of the second atom, thus ensuring high-fidelity transfer between distant nodes. We develop this approach at first for photonic qubit and show that this superposition state is no less reliably protected against the propagation losses compared to the single-photon polarization states, whereas the limitation associated with the delivery of more than one photon does not affect the process fidelity. Then, by preserving the advantages of qubits, we extend the developed technique to the case of state transfer by photonic qutrit, which evidently possesses more information capacity. This reliable and efficient scheme promises also a successful distribution of entanglement over long distances in quantum networks.
Quantum state transfer between distant nodes is at the heart of quantum processing and quantum networking. Stimulated by this, we propose a scheme where one can achieve quantum state transfer with a high fidelity between sites in a cavity quantum optomechanical network. In our lattice, each individual site is composed of a localized mechanical mode which interacts with a laser-driven cavity mode via radiation pressure, while photons hop between neighboring sites. After diagonalization of the Hamiltonian of each cell, we show that the system can be reduced to an effective Hamiltonian of two decoupled bosonic chains, and therefore we can apply the well-known results in quantum state transfer together with an additional condition on the transfer times. In fact, we show that our transfer protocol works for any arbitrary joint quantum state of a mechanical and an optical mode. Finally, in order to analyze a more realistic scenario we take into account the effects of independent thermal reservoirs for each site. By solving the standard master equation within the Born-Markov approximation, we reassure both the effective model and the feasibility of our protocol.
Large-scale fault-tolerant superconducting quantum computation needs rapid quantum communication to network qubits fabricated on different chips and long-range couplers to implement efficient quantum error correction codes. Quantum channels used for these purposes are best modeled by multimode resonators, which lie between single-mode cavities and waveguides with a continuum of modes. In this Letter, we propose a non-Markovian formalism for quantum state transfer using coupling strengths comparable to the channel's free spectral range (g∼Δ_{FSR}). Our scheme merges features of both the stimulated-Raman-adiabatic-passage-based methods for single-mode cavities and the pitch-and-catch protocol for long waveguides, integrating their advantages of low loss and high speed. It is immune to thermal channel occupations if using harmonic resonators for the sender and receiver.