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arXiv:1611.05848 · SciPost Physics

The Conformal Spectrum of Non-Abelian Anyons

Nima Doroud, David Tong, Carl Turner

Published Apr 30, 2018• 7 citations
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Abstract

We study the spectrum of multiple non-Abelian anyons in a harmonic trap. The system is described by Chern-Simons theory, coupled to either bosonic or fermionic non-relativistic matter, and has an SO(2,1) SO(2,1) conformal invariance. We describe a number of special properties of the spectrum, focussing on a class of protected states whose energies are dictated by their angular momentum. We show that the angular momentum of a bound state of non-Abelian anyons is determined by the quadratic Casimirs of their constituents.

DOI
10.21468/scipostphys.4.4.022

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We study the spectrum of multiple non-Abelian anyons in a harmonic trap. The system is described by Chern-Simons theory, coupled to either bosonic or fermionic non-relativistic matter, and has an SO(2,1) SO(2,1) conformal invariance. We describe a number of special properties of the spectrum, focussing on a class of protected states whose energies are dictated by their angular momentum. We show that the angular momentum of a bound state of non-Abelian anyons is determined by the quadratic Casimirs of their constituents.
We study the spectrum of multiple non-Abelian anyons in a harmonic trap. The system is described by Chern-Simons theory, coupled to either bosonic or fermionic non-relativistic matter, and has an SO(2,1) conformal invariance. We describe a number of special properties of the spectrum, focussing on a class of protected states whose energies are dictated by their angular momentum. We show that the angular momentum of a bound state of non-Abelian anyons is determined by the quadratic Casimirs of their constituents.
The energy density is computed for a U(2) Chern-Simons theory coupled to a non-relativistic fermion field (a theory of ``non-Abelian anyons'') under the assumptions of uniform charge and matter density. When the matter field is a spinless fermion, we find that this energy is independent of the two Chern-Simons coupling constants and is minimized when the non-Abelian charge density is zero. This suggests that there is no spontaneous breaking of the SU(2) subgroup of the symmetry, at least in this mean-field approximation. For spin-1/2 fermions, we find self-consistent mean-field states with a small non-Abelian charge density, which vanishes as the theory of free fermions is approached.
The role of anyonic excitations in fast rotating harmonically trapped Bose gases in a fractional Quantum Hall State is examined. Standard Chern-Simons anyons as well as \"non standard\" anyons obtained from a statistical interaction having Maxwell-Chern-Simons dynamics and suitable non minimal coupling to matter are considered. Their respective ability to stabilize attractive Bose gases under fast rotation in the thermodynamical limit is studied. Stability can be obtained for standard anyons while for non standard anyons, stability requires that the range of the corresponding statistical interaction does not exceed the typical wavelength for the atoms.
The quantum-mechanical description of assemblies of particles whose motion is confined to two (or one) spatial dimensions offers many possibilities that are distinct from bosons and fermions. We call such particles anyons. The simplest anyons are parameterized by an angular phase parameter θθθ. θ=0,πθ= 0, πθ=0,π correspond to bosons and fermions respectively; at intermediate values we say that we have fractional statistics. In two dimensions, θθθ describes the phase acquired by the wave function as two anyons wind around one another counterclockwise. It generates a shift in the allowed values for the relative angular momentum. Composites of localized electric charge and magnetic flux associated with an abelian U(1) gauge group realize this behavior. More complex charge-flux constructions can involve non-abelian and product groups acting on a spectrum of allowed charges and fluxes, giving rise to nonabelian and mutual statistics. Interchanges of non-abelian anyons implement unitary transformations of the wave function within an emergent space of internal states. Anyons of all kinds are described by quantum field theories that include Chern--Simons terms. The crossings of one-dimensional anyons on a ring are uni-directional, such that a fractional phase θθθ acquired upon interchange gives rise to fractional shifts in the relative momenta between the anyons. The quasiparticle excitations of fractional quantum Hall states have long been predicted to include anyons. Recently the anyon behavior predicted for quasiparticles in the ν=1/3ν= 1/3ν=1/3 fractional quantum Hall state has been observed both in scattering and in interferometric experiments. Excitations within designed systems, notably including superconducting circuits, can exhibit anyon behavior. Such systems are being developed for possible use in quantum information processing.
Ever since the proposal of Kitaev for decoherence-free quantum computing based on non-Abelian anyons physical realizations of these exotic particles have been investigated extensively. Starting from one-dimensional models of interacting fermions with different symmetries the emergence and condensation of su(2)Nf\mathfrak{su}(2)_{N_f}su(2)Nf​​, su(3)Nf\mathfrak{su}(3)_{N_f}su(3)Nf​​ and so(5)Nf\mathfrak{so}(5)_{N_f}so(5)Nf​​ anyons is studied in the framework of integrable perturbed WZNW models. For sufficiently small temperatures and fields non-Abelian anyons residing on massive solitonic excitations are identified by their quantum dimension. By tuning the external fields the density of anyons can be increased continuously to study the effect of interactions between them. For each model the conformal field theories describing the various collective states of the interacting anyons are determined and a phase diagram for the anyonic modes is proposed.