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arXiv:1611.05532 · Physical Review A

Solid-state emitter embedded in a microcavity under intense excitation: A variational master-equation approach

Oscar Javier Gomez Sanchez, Hanz Y. Ramírez

Published Nov 26, 2018• 5 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

In this work, dissipative effects from a phonon bath on the resonance fluorescence of a solid-state two-level system embedded in a high-quality semiconductor microcavity and driven by an intense laser are investigated. Within the density operator formalism, we derive a variational master equation valid for broader ranges of temperatures, pumping rates, and radiation-matter couplings than previous studies. From the obtained master equation, fluorescence spectra for various thermal and exciting conditions are numerically calculated and compared to those computed from weak coupling and polaronic master equations, respectively. Our results evidence the breakdown of those rougher approaches under increased temperature and strong pumping.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.98.053846

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arXiv:2002.01912•Feb 5, 2020•0 citations
In this work, dissipative effects from a phonon bath on the resonance fluorescence of a solid-state two-level system embedded in a high-quality semiconductor microcavity and driven by an intense laser are investigated. Within the density operator formalism, we derive a variational master equation valid for broader ranges of temperatures, pumping rates, and radiation-matter couplings than previous studies. From the obtained master equation, fluorescence spectra for various thermal and exciting conditions are numerically calculated and compared to those computed from weak coupling and polaronic master equations, respectively. Our results evidence the breakdown of those rougher approaches under increased temperature and strong pumping.
We present a comprehensive theoretical study of the resonance fluorescence spectra of an coherently-driven quantum dot (QD) placed inside a high-QQQ semiconductor cavity and interacting with an acoustic-phonon bath. We derive a quantum master equation (ME) in the polaron frame, which includes exciton-phonon and exciton-cavity coupling to all orders. This work details and extends the theory used in a recent paper [C. Roy and S. Hughes, Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 247403 (2011)] to describe the QD Mollow triplet in the regime of semiconductor cavity QED. Here, we introduce two ME forms, Nakajima-Zwanzig and time convolutionless (TC), both to second order in the system--phonon-reservoir perturbation. In the polaron frame, these two ME forms are shown to yield equivalent population dynamics and fluorescence spectra for a continuous wave (cw) driving field. We also demonstrate that a Markov approximation is valid for computing the incoherent scattering processes, and we subsequently exploit the TC ME to explore the resonance fluorescence spectra of an exciton-driven QD. Both cavity-emitted and exciton-emitted spectra are studied, and these are found to have qualitatively different spectral features. Using a coherent driving field, the well-known characteristics of the atomic Mollow triplet are shown to be considerably modified with electron--acoustic-phonon scattering, and we highlight the key effects arising from both cavity coupling and electron-phonon coupling. Regimes of pronounced cavity feeding and anharmonic cavity QED are exemplified, and we find that the cavity coupling depends sensitively on the exciton-cavity detuning and the temperature of the phonon bath. We show how the full width at half maximum (linewidth) of the Mollow-triplet sidebands varies as a function of the square of the Rabi frequency of the cw pump. Phonon-mediated cavity coupling also contributes to the spectral broadening of the Mollow triplet, depending upon the exciton-cavity detuning and the strength of the exciton-cavity coupling rate. Finally, we calculate the fluorescence spectra for off-resonance cw driving and investigate the resulting Mollow-triplet linewidths.
We study the resonance fluorescence spectra of a driven quantum dot placed inside a high-Q semiconductor cavity and interacting with an acoustic phonon bath. The dynamics is calculated using a time-convolutionless master equation in the polaron frame. We predict pronounced spectral broadening of the Mollow sidebands through off-resonant cavity emission which, for small cavity-coupling rates, increases quadratically with the Rabi frequency in direct agreement with recent experiments using semiconductor micropillars [S. M. Ulrich et al., preceding Letter, Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 247402 (2011)]. We also demonstrate that, surprisingly, phonon coupling actually helps resolve signatures of the elusive second rungs of the Jaynes-Cummings ladder states via off-resonant cavity feeding. Both multiphonon and multiphoton effects are shown to play a qualitatively important role on the fluorescence spectra.
In this work, robustness of controlled density of optical states in doubly driven artificial atoms is studied under phonon dissipation. By using both perturbative and polaron approaches, we investigate the influence of carrier-phonon interactions on the emission properties of a two-level solid-state emitter, simultaneously coupled to two intense distinguishable lasers. Phonon decoherence effects on the main features of the emission spectra are found to be modest up to neon boiling temperatures ($\ensuremath{\sim}30$ K), as compared with photon generation at the Fourier transform limit obtained in the absence of lattice vibrations (zero temperature). These results show that optical switching and photonic modulation by means of double dressing do not require ultralow temperatures for implementation, thus boosting their potential technological applications.
The emission spectrum of a single-emitter laser in a photonic crystal is presented. We consider a coherently pumped two-level emitter strongly coupled to a high-quality microcavity engineered within a photonic crystal. We show that the cavity spectrum consists of both elastic and inelastic components, for which we derive analytical expressions. Our study reveals enhanced, spectrally narrower emission resulting from the radiation reservoir of the photonic crystal. The cavity field spectral characteristics are fundamentally distinct from those of a corresponding microcavity in ordinary vacuum. At high pump intensities and for large discontinuities in the photon density of states between Mollow spectral components of atomic resonance fluorescence, the emitted intensity originating from the elastic spectral component increases with the intensity of the pump and the elastic component dominates the spectrum. In the case of a vanishing photon density of states in the spectral range surrounding the lower Mollow sideband and no dipolar dephasing, the cavity spectrum is elastic.
A semiconductor quantum dot (QD) embedded within an optical microcavity is a system of fundamental importance within quantum information processing. The optimization of quantum coherence is crucial in such applications, requiring an in-depth understanding of the relevant decoherence mechanisms. We provide herein a critical review of prevalent theoretical treatments of the QD-cavity system coupled to longitudinal acoustic phonons, comparing predictions against a recently obtained exact solution. Within this review we consider a range of temperatures and exciton-cavity coupling strengths. Predictions of the polaron Nakajima-Zwanzig (NZ) and time-convolutionless (TCL) master equations, as well as a variation of the former adapted for adiabatic continuous wave excitation (CWE), are compared against an asymptotically exact solution based upon Trotter's decomposition (TD) theorem. The NZ and TCL implementations, which apply a polaron transformation to the Hamiltonian and subsequently treat the exciton-cavity coupling to second order, do not offer a significant improvement accuracy relative to the polaron transformation alone. The CWE adaptation provides a marked improvement, capturing the broadband features of the absorption spectrum (not present in NZ and TCL implementations). We attribute this difference to the effect of the Markov approximation, and particularly its unsuitability in pulsed excitation regime. Even the CWE adaptation, however, breaks down in the regime of high temperature (50K50K50K) and strong exciton-cavity coupling (g≳0.2g \gtrsim 0.2g≳0.2 meV). The TD solution is of comparable computational complexity to the above-mentioned master equation approaches, yet remains accurate at higher temperatures and across a broad range of exciton-cavity coupling strengths (at least up to g=1.5g=1.5g=1.5 meV).