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arXiv:1610.07321 · Physical Review A

Multiphoton subtracted thermal states: Description, preparation, and reconstruction

Yu. I. Bogdanov, Konstantin G. Katamadze, G. V. Avosopiants, L. V. Belinsky, Nadezhda A. Bogdanova, Alexander A. Kalinkin, S. P. Kulik

Published Dec 4, 2017• 56 citations
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Abstract

We present a study of optical quantum states generated by subtraction of photons from the thermal state. Some aspects of their photon number and quadrature distributions are discussed and checked experimentally. We demonstrate an original method of up to ten photon subtracted state preparation with use of just one single-photon detector. All the states were measured with use of a balanced homodyne technique and the corresponding density matrices were reconstructed. The fidelity between desired and reconstructed states exceeds $99%$. Combined with homodyne detection it can also be used for precise measurement of high-order autocorrelation functions.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.96.063803

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We present a study of optical quantum states generated by subtraction of photons from the thermal state. Some aspects of their photon number and quadrature distributions are discussed and checked experimentally. We demonstrate an original method of up to ten photon subtracted state preparation with use of just one single-photon detector. All the states were measured with use of a balanced homodyne technique and the corresponding density matrices were reconstructed. The fidelity between desired and reconstructed states exceeds 9999%99. Combined with homodyne detection it can also be used for precise measurement of high-order autocorrelation functions.
The estimation of high order correlation function values is an important problem in the field of quantum computation. We show that the problem can be reduced to preparation and measurement of optical quantum states resulting after annihilation of a set number of quanta from the original beam. We apply this approach to explore various photon bunching regimes in optical states with gamma-compounded Poisson photon number statistics. We prepare and perform measurement of the thermal quantum state as well as states produced by subtracting one to ten photons from it. Maximum likelihood estimation is employed for parameter estimation. The goal of this research is the development of highly accurate procedures for generation and quality control of optical quantum states.
Photon creation and annihilation are two basic operators in quantum optics. Their experimental implementation provides a perfect toolbox for quantum state engineering. The simplest quantum states, which can be modified both by photon creation and annihilation are thermal states of light. Therefore, the multiphoton subtracted thermal states (MPSTS) draw attention of quantum optics experimentalists last decade. Despite its simplicity they serve as a good testing area for study of a number of quantum phenomena. In the current work we give a review of the recent works related to MPSTS: their theoretical description, preparation and measurement technique and their utilization as a testing area for studying some quantum phenomena like non-Gaussianity, Photonic Maxwell‟s Demon, Quantum Vampire and so on.
We have studied theoretical un-symmetric multi-photon subtracted twin beam state and demonstrated a method for generating states that resembles to high photon number states with the increase in the number of subtracted photons through Wigner distribution function, which can be reconstructed experimentally by Homodyne measurement. A crucial point is high non-classicality is obtained by photon subtraction when mean photons per mode of twin beam state is low. We have calculated photon statistics from the phase space distribution function and found sub-poissonian behaviour in the same low mean photons regime. Furthermore, we have tested the usefulness of such states for realistic absorption measurement including detection losses by computing quantum Fisher-Information from measured Wigner function after interaction the sample. We have compared the performance of these states with respect to coherent and demonstrated how the quantum advantage is related to non-classical enhancement. We presented results up to three photon subtraction which show remarkable quantum advantage over both initial thermal and coherent state reaching the ultimate quantum limit in the loss estimation.
Thermal states of light are widely used in quantum optics due to their correlation properties. As is well known, their correlation properties and the photon-number distribution as a whole are strongly dependent on the mode number selected by the detection scheme. The same changes can be caused by photon subtraction. Therefore, we describe the general case of the multimode thermal state after a multiphoton subtraction, when the photon-number statistics is registered by the detector selecting a part of the initial modes. We present an analytical form of the obtained photon-number distribution and its general properties and check them in the experiment.
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We have generated and measured an approximation of an optical Schrödinger cat state by photon subtraction from a squeezed state. Using single-photon avalanche photodiode detectors and photon-number-resolving transition edge sensors, we were able to extract Wigner distributions for one or two photons subtracted from the squeezed state, resulting in both an odd and even cat state. The one-photon-subtracted Wigner distribution shows measured negative features (without any correction), indicating quantum character. The Wigner distribution of the two-photon-subtracted state is negative after correcting for homodyne losses. A full statistical analysis is under way to quantify the magnitude and fidelity of the cat states generated.