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arXiv:1610.04875 · Journal of Physics A Mathematical and Theoretical

Product states and Schmidt rank of mutually unbiased bases in dimension six

Lin Chen, Li Yu

Published Sep 28, 2017• 19 citations
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Abstract

Abstract We show that if a set of four mutually unbiased bases (MUBs) in C 6 exists and contains the identity, then any other basis in the set contains at most two product states and at the same time has Schmidt rank at least three. Here both the product states and the Schmidt rank are defined over the bipartite space C 2 ⊗ C 3 . We also investigate the connection of the Sinkhorn normal form of unitary matrices to the fact that there is at least one vector unbiased to any two orthonormal bases in any dimension.

DOI
10.1088/1751-8121/aa8f9e

Related papers

Comment on ‘Product states and Schmidt rank of mutually unbiased bases in dimension six’

Daniel McNulty, Stefan Weigert

Abstract A lemma by Chen et al (2017 J. Phys. A: Math. Theor. 50 475304 ) provides a necessary condition on the structure of any complex Hadamard matrix in a set of four mutually unbiased bases in C 6 . The proof of the lemma is shown to contain a mistake, ultimately invalidating three theorems derived in later publications.

arXiv:2504.13067•Journal of Physics A Mathematical and Theoretical•Apr 17, 2025•1 citation

Mutually unbiased bases containing a complex Hadamard matrix of Schmidt rank three

Mengyao Hu, Lin Chen, Yize Sun

Constructing four six-dimensional mutually unbiased bases (MUBs) is an open problem in quantum physics and measurement. We investigate the existence of four MUBs including the identity, and a complex Hadamard matrix (CHM) of Schmidt rank three. The CHM is equivalent to a controlled unitary operation on the qubit-qutrit system via local unitary transformation I 2 ⊗ V and I 2 ⊗ W . We show that V and W have no zero entry, and apply it to exclude constructed examples as members of MUBs. We further show that the maximum of entangling power of controlled unitary operation is log 2 3 ebits. We derive the condition under which the maximum is achieved, and construct concrete examples. Our results describe the phenomenon that if a CHM of Schmidt rank three belongs to an MUB then its entangling power may not reach the maximum.

arXiv:1910.05515•Proceedings of the Royal Society A Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences•Mar 1, 2020•0 citations

Mutually Unbiased Bases on Hilbert Spaces of Composite Dimension

Stalin Mafla

Two orthonormal bases A and B are said to be mutually unbiased when, for every pair of vectors |αi〉 ∈ A, |βj〉 ∈ B, |〈αi|βj〉|2 = 1/d, where d is the dimension of the system. We have tried different methods to construct MUB’s in six dimensions. These include numerical searches for orthonormal bases, extension of Wootters and Fields’ method using the concept of field, and trying to partition the tensor product of qubits and qutrits operators to generate MUB’s as their eigenbases as suggested by Lawrence et al. Our studies have yielded no more than three MUB’s, and we are led to the conclusion that either only these three bases exist or the method for constructing such bases is radically different from those used so far. We shall present the difficulties encountered in each of these methods while searching for MUB’s in composite dimensions.

AIP conference proceedings•Jan 1, 2004•0 citations

All Mutually Unbiased Product Bases in Dimension Six

Daniel McNulty, Stefan Weigert

All mutually unbiased bases in dimension six consisting of product states only are constructed. Several continuous families of pairs and two triples of mutually unbiased product bases are found to exist but no quadruple. The exhaustive classification leads to a proof that a complete set of seven mutually unbiased bases, if it exists, cannot contain a triple of mutually unbiased product bases.

arXiv:1111.3632•Nov 15, 2011•1 citation

Reply to Comment on ‘Product states and Schmidt rank of mutually unbiased bases in dimension six’

Mengfan Liang, Lin Chen

Abstract McNulty and Weigert (2024 J. Phys. A: Math. Theor. submitted) voiced suspicions to the lemma 11(v) Part 6 in Chen and Yu (2017 J. Phys. A: Math. Theor. 50 475304) and three theorems derived in later publications (Liang et al 2019 Quantum Inf. Process. 18 352; Liang et al 2019 Linear Multilinear Algebra 69 2908–25; Chen et al 2021 Quantum Inf. Process. 20 353). For these suspicions, we reprove that any 6 × 6 complex Hadamard matrix whose number of real elements more than 22 does not belong to a set of four mutually unbiased bases. We show that the number of 2 × 2 complex Hadamard submatrices of any H 2-reducible matrix is not 10 , … , 16 , 18 . We also put forward some possible directions for further development.

arXiv:2504.15576•Journal of Physics A Mathematical and Theoretical•Apr 17, 2025•0 citations

On mutually unbiased bases

Rahim Taghikhani

Two orthonormal bases in the complex space of dimension d, are said to be mutually unbiased if the square of the magnitude of the inner product of any vector from one basis with any vector in other basis is equal to the reciprocal of the dimension d. Mutually unbiased bases are used for optimal state determination of mixed quantum states. It is known that in any dimension d, the number of mutually unbiased bases is at most d+1. Ivanovic found a complete set of mutually unbiased bases for prime dimensions. His construction was generalized by Wootters and Fields for prime power dimensions. There is a strong connection between maximally commuting bases of orthogonal unitary matrices and mutually unbiased bases. Based on this connection, there exits a constructive proof of the existence of a complete set of mutually unbiased bases for prime power dimensions. This thesis is an exploration on construction of mutually unbiased bases.

•Aug 26, 2013•1 citation
Abstract We show that if a set of four mutually unbiased bases (MUBs) in C 6 exists and contains the identity, then any other basis in the set contains at most two product states and at the same time has Schmidt rank at least three. Here both the product states and the Schmidt rank are defined over the bipartite space C 2 ⊗ C 3 . We also investigate the connection of the Sinkhorn normal form of unitary matrices to the fact that there is at least one vector unbiased to any two orthonormal bases in any dimension.
Constructing four six-dimensional mutually unbiased bases (MUBs) is an open problem in quantum physics and measurement. We investigate the existence of four MUBs including the identity, and a complex Hadamard matrix (CHM) of Schmidt rank three. The CHM is equivalent to a controlled unitary operation on the qubit-qutrit system via local unitary transformation I 2 ⊗ V and I 2 ⊗ W . We show that V and W have no zero entry, and apply it to exclude constructed examples as members of MUBs. We further show that the maximum of entangling power of controlled unitary operation is log 2 3 ebits. We derive the condition under which the maximum is achieved, and construct concrete examples. Our results describe the phenomenon that if a CHM of Schmidt rank three belongs to an MUB then its entangling power may not reach the maximum.
Two orthonormal bases A and B are said to be mutually unbiased when, for every pair of vectors |αi〉 ∈ A, |βj〉 ∈ B, |〈αi|βj〉|2 = 1/d, where d is the dimension of the system. We have tried different methods to construct MUB’s in six dimensions. These include numerical searches for orthonormal bases, extension of Wootters and Fields’ method using the concept of field, and trying to partition the tensor product of qubits and qutrits operators to generate MUB’s as their eigenbases as suggested by Lawrence et al. Our studies have yielded no more than three MUB’s, and we are led to the conclusion that either only these three bases exist or the method for constructing such bases is radically different from those used so far. We shall present the difficulties encountered in each of these methods while searching for MUB’s in composite dimensions.
Abstract McNulty and Weigert (2024 J. Phys. A: Math. Theor. submitted) voiced suspicions to the lemma 11(v) Part 6 in Chen and Yu (2017 J. Phys. A: Math. Theor. 50 475304) and three theorems derived in later publications (Liang et al 2019 Quantum Inf. Process. 18 352; Liang et al 2019 Linear Multilinear Algebra 69 2908–25; Chen et al 2021 Quantum Inf. Process. 20 353). For these suspicions, we reprove that any 6 × 6 complex Hadamard matrix whose number of real elements more than 22 does not belong to a set of four mutually unbiased bases. We show that the number of 2 × 2 complex Hadamard submatrices of any H 2-reducible matrix is not 10 , … , 16 , 18 . We also put forward some possible directions for further development.
Two orthonormal bases in the complex space of dimension d, are said to be mutually unbiased if the square of the magnitude of the inner product of any vector from one basis with any vector in other basis is equal to the reciprocal of the dimension d. Mutually unbiased bases are used for optimal state determination of mixed quantum states. It is known that in any dimension d, the number of mutually unbiased bases is at most d+1. Ivanovic found a complete set of mutually unbiased bases for prime dimensions. His construction was generalized by Wootters and Fields for prime power dimensions. There is a strong connection between maximally commuting bases of orthogonal unitary matrices and mutually unbiased bases. Based on this connection, there exits a constructive proof of the existence of a complete set of mutually unbiased bases for prime power dimensions. This thesis is an exploration on construction of mutually unbiased bases.