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arXiv:1609.08045 · Physical review. E

Derivation of matrix product states for the Heisenberg spin chain with open boundary conditions

Zhongtao Mei, C. J. Bolech

Published Mar 16, 2017• 11 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Using the algebraic Bethe Ansatz, we derive a matrix product representation of the exact Bethe-Ansatz states of the six-vertex Heisenberg chain (either XXX or XXZ and spin-1/2) with open boundary conditions. In this representation, the components of the Bethe eigenstates are expressed as traces of products of matrices that act on a tensor product of auxiliary spaces. As compared to the matrix product states of the same Heisenberg chain but with periodic boundary conditions, the dimension of the exact auxiliary matrices is enlarged as if the conserved number of spin-flips considered would have been doubled. This result is generic for any non-nested integrable model, as is clear from our derivation, and we further show this by providing an additional example of the same matrix product state construction for a well-known model of a gas of interacting bosons. Counterintuitively, the matrices do not depend on the spatial coordinate despite the open boundaries, and thus they suggest generic ways of exploiting (emergent) translational invariance both for finite size and in the thermodynamic limit.

DOI
10.1103/physreve.95.032127

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Using the algebraic Bethe Ansatz, we derive a matrix product representation of the exact Bethe-Ansatz states of the six-vertex Heisenberg chain (either XXX or XXZ and spin-1/2) with open boundary conditions. In this representation, the components of the Bethe eigenstates are expressed as traces of products of matrices that act on a tensor product of auxiliary spaces. As compared to the matrix product states of the same Heisenberg chain but with periodic boundary conditions, the dimension of the exact auxiliary matrices is enlarged as if the conserved number of spin-flips considered would have been doubled. This result is generic for any non-nested integrable model, as is clear from our derivation, and we further show this by providing an additional example of the same matrix product state construction for a well-known model of a gas of interacting bosons. Counterintuitively, the matrices do not depend on the spatial coordinate despite the open boundaries, and thus they suggest generic ways of exploiting (emergent) translational invariance both for finite size and in the thermodynamic limit.
We derive a matrix product representation of the Bethe ansatz state for the XXX and XXZ spin-1 2 Heisenberg chains using the algebraic Bethe ansatz.In this representation, the components of the Bethe eigenstates are expressed as traces of products of matrices which act on H, the tensor product of auxiliary spaces.By changing the basis in H, we derive explicit finite-dimensional representations for the matrices.These matrices are the same as those appearing in the recently proposed matrix product ansatz by Alcaraz and Lazo (2006 J. Phys.A: Math.Gen. 39 11335) apart from normalization factors.We also discuss the close relation between the matrix product representation of the Bethe eigenstates and the six-vertex model with domain wall boundary conditions (Korepin 1982 Commun.Math.Phys.86 391) and show that the change of basis corresponds to a mapping from the six-vertex model to the five-vertex model.
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Recently it was shown that the eigenfunctions for the the asymmetric exclusion problem and several of its generalizations as well as a huge family of quantum chains, like the anisotropic Heisenberg model, Fateev- Zamolodchikov model, Izergin-Korepin model, Sutherland model, t-J model, Hubbard model, etc, can be expressed by a matrix product ansatz. Differently from the coordinate Bethe ansatz, where the eigenvalues and eigenvectors are plane wave combinations, in this ansatz the components of the eigenfunctions are obtained through the algebraic properties of properly defined matrices. In this work, we introduce a formulation of a matrix product ansatz for the six-vertex model with periodic boundary condition, which is the paradigmatic example of integrability in two dimensions. Remarkably, our studies of the six-vertex model are in agreement with the conjecture that all models exactly solved by the Bethe ansatz can also be solved by an appropriated matrix product ansatz.
Abstract In our previous paper (Kitanine et al 2017 J. Phys. A: Math. Theor . 50 224001) we have obtained, for the XXX spin-1/2 Heisenberg open chain, new determinant representations for the scalar products of separate states in the quantum separation of variables (SoV) framework. In this article we perform a similar study in a more complicated case: the XXZ open spin-1/2 chain with the most general integrable boundary terms. We first revisit the SoV solution of this model using a matrix version of the Vertex-IRF gauge transformation so as to reduce one of the boundary K -matrices to a diagonal form. As usual within the SoV approach, the scalar products of separate states are computed in terms of dressed Vandermonde determinants having an intricate dependency on the inhomogeneity parameters. We show that these determinants can be transformed into different ones in which the homogeneous limit can be taken straightforwardly. These representations generalize in a non-trivial manner to the trigonometric case the expressions found previously in the rational case. We also show that generically all scalar products can be expressed in a form which is similar to—although more cumbersome than—the well-known Slavnov determinant representation for the scalar products of the Bethe states of the periodic chain. Considering a special choice of the boundary parameters relevant in the thermodynamic limit to describe the half infinite chain with a general boundary, we particularize these representations to the case of one of the two states being an eigenstate. We obtain simplified formulas that should be of direct use to compute the form factors and correlation functions of this model.
We present in a unified and detailed way the nested Bethe ansatz for open spin chains based on(super)algebras, with arbitrary representations (i.e., 'spins') on each site of the chain and diagonal boundary matrices (K + (u), K -(u)).The nested Bethe ansatz applies for a general K -(u), but a particular form of the K + (u) matrix.The construction extends and unifies the results already obtained for open spin chains based on the fundamental representation and for some particular superspin chains.We give the eigenvalues, Bethe equations and the explicit form of the Bethe vectors for the corresponding models.The Bethe vectors are also expressed using a trace formula.